Methods of testing drugs or agents that modulate the activity of receptor recognition factors

ABSTRACT

Receptor recognition factors exist that recognizes the specific cell receptor to which a specific ligand has been bound, and that may thereby signal and/or initiate the binding of the transcription factor to the DNA site. The receptor recognition factor is in one instance, a part of a transcription factor, and also may interact with other transcription factors to cause them to activate and travel to the nucleus for DNA binding. The receptor recognition factor appears to be second-messenger-independent in its activity, as overt perturbations in second messenger concentrations are of no effect. The concept of the invention is illustrated by the results of studies conducted with interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene transcription, and particularly, the activation caused by both IFNα and IFNγ. Specific DNA and amino acid sequences for various human and murine receptor recognition factors are provided, as are polypeptide fragments of two of the ISGF-3 genes, and antibodies have also been prepared and tested. The polypeptides confirm direct involvement of tyrosine kinase in intracellular message transmission. Numerous diagnostic and therapeutic materials and utilities are also disclosed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present Application is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. Ser. No. 08/126,588 and U.S. Ser. No. 08/126,595, both filed Sep. 24, 1994, both now abandoned which are both Continuations-In-Part of U.S. Ser. No. 07/980,498, filed Nov. 23, 1992, now abandoned which is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. Ser. No. 07/854,296, filed Mar. 19, 1992, now abandoned the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. Applicants claim the benefits of these Applications under 35 U.S.C. §120.

RELATED PUBLICATIONS

The Applicants are authors or co-authors of several articles directed to the subject matter of the present invention. (1) Darnell et al., “Interferon-Dependent Transcriptional Activation: Signal Transduction Without Second Messenger Involvement?” THE NEW BIOLOGIST, 2(10):1-4, (1990); (2) X. Fu et al., “ISGF3, The Transcriptional Activator Induced by Interferon α, Consists of Multiple Interacting, Polypeptide Chains” PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 87:8555-8559 (1990); (3) D. S. Kessler et al., “IFNα Regulates Nuclear Translocation and DNA-Binding Affinity of ISGF3, A Multimeric Transcriptional Activator” GENES AND DEVELOPMENT, 4:1753 (1990). All of the above listed articles are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to intracellular receptor recognition proteins or factors (i.e. groups of proteins), and to methods and compositions including such factors or the antibodies reactive toward them, or analogs thereof in assays and for diagnosing, preventing and/or treating cellular debilitation, derangement or dysfunction. More particularly, the present invention relates to particular IFN-dependent receptor recognition molecules that have been identified and sequenced, and that demonstrate direct participation in intracellular events, extending from interaction with the liganded receptor at the cell surface to transcription in the nucleus, and to antibodies or to other entities specific thereto that may thereby selectively modulate such activity in mammalian cells.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are several possible pathways of signal transduction that might be followed after a polypeptide ligand binds to its cognate cell surface receptor. Within minutes of such ligand-receptor interaction, genes that were previously quiescent are rapidly transcribed (Murdoch et al., 1982; Larner et al., 1984; Friedman et al., 1984; Greenberg and Ziff, 1984; Greenberg et al., 1985). One of the most physiologically important, yet poorly understood, aspects of these immediate transcriptional responses is their specificity: the set of genes activated, for example, by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), does not completely overlap with the one activated by nerve growth factor (NGF) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (Cochran et al., 1983; Greenberg et al., 1985; Almendral et al., 1988; Lee et al., 1990). The interferons (IFN) activate sets of other genes entirely. Even IFNα and IFNγ, whose presence results in the slowing of cell growth and in an increased resistance to viruses (Tamm et al., 1987) do not activate exactly the same set of genes (Larner et al., 1984; Friedman et al., 1984; Celis et al., 1987, 1985; Larner et al., 1986).

The current hypotheses related to signal transduction pathways in the cytoplasm do not adequately explain the high degree of specificity observed in polypeptide-dependent transcriptional responses. The most commonly discussed pathways of signal transduction that might ultimately lead to the nucleus depend on properties of cell surface receptors containing tyrosine kinase domains [for example, PDGF, epidermal growth factor (EGF), colony-stimulating factor (CSF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); see Gill, 1990; Hunter, 1990) or of receptors that interact with G-proteins (Gilman, 1987). These two groups of receptors mediate changes in the intracellular concentrations of second messengers that, in turn, activate one of a series of protein phosphokinases, resulting in a cascade of phosphorylations (or dephosphorylations) of cytoplasmic proteins.

It has been widely conjectured that the cascade of phosphorylations secondary to changes in intracellular second messenger levels is responsible for variations in the rates of transcription of particular genes (Bourne, 1988, 1990; Berridge, 1987; Gill, 1990; Hunter, 1990). However, there are at least two reasons to question the suggestion that global changes in second messengers participate in the chain of events leading to specific transcriptional responses dependent on specific receptor occupation by polypeptide ligands.

First, there is a limited number of second messengers (cAMP, diacyl glycerol, phosphoinositides, and Ca²⁺ are the most prominently discussed), whereas the number of known cell surface receptor-ligand pairs of only the tyrosine kinase and G-protein varieties, for example, already greatly outnumbers the list of second messengers, and could easily stretch into the hundreds (Gill, 1990; Hunter, 1990). In addition, since many different receptors can coexist on one cell type at any instant, a cell can be called upon to respond simultaneously to two or more different ligands with an individually specific transcriptional response each involving a different set of target genes. Second, a number of receptors for polypeptide ligands are now known that have neither tyrosine kinase domains nor any structure suggesting interaction with G-proteins. These include the receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2) (Leonard et al., 1985), IFNα (Uze et al., 1990), IFNγ (Aguet et al., 1988), NGF (Johnson et al., 1986), and growth hormone (Leung et al., 1987). The binding of each of these receptors to its specific ligand has been demonstrated to stimulate transcription of a specific set of genes. For these reasons it seems unlikely that global intracellular fluctuations in a limited set of second messengers are integral to the pathway of specific, polypeptide ligand-dependent, immediate transcriptional responses.

In PCT International Publication No. WO 92/08740 published May 29, 1992 by the applicant herein, the above analysis was presented and it was discovered and proposed that a receptor recognition factor or factors, served in some capacity as a type of direct messenger between liganded receptors at the cell surface and the cell nucleus. One of the characteristics that was ascribed to the receptor recognition factor was its apparent lack of requirement for changes in second messenger concentrations. Continued investigation of the receptor recognition factor through study of the actions of the interferons IFNα and IFNγ has further elucidated the characteristics and structure of the interferon-related factor ISGF-3, and more broadly, the characterization and structure of the receptor recognition factor in a manner that extends beyond earlier discoveries previously described. It is accordingly to the presentation of this updated characterization of the receptor recognition factor and the materials and methods both diagnostic and therapeutic corresponding thereto that the present disclosure is directed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, receptor recognition factors have been further characterized that appear to interact directly with receptors that have been occupied by their ligand on cellular surfaces, and which in turn either become active transcription factors, or activate or directly associate with transcription factors that enter the cells' nucleus and specifically binds on predetermined sites and thereby activates the genes. It should be noted that the receptor recognition proteins thus possess multiple properties, among them: 1) recognizing and being activated during such recognition by receptors; 2) being translocated to the nucleus by an inhibitable process (eg. NaF inhibits translocation); and 3) combining with transcription activating proteins or acting themselves as transcription activation proteins, and that all of these properties are possessed by the proteins described herein.

A further property of the receptor recognition factors (also termed herein signal transducers and activators of transcription—STAT) is dimerization to form homodimers or heterodimers upon activation by phosphorylation of tyrosine. In a specific embodiment, infra, Stat91 and Stat84 form homodimers and a Stat91-Stat84 heterodimer. Accordingly, the present invention is directed to such dimers, which can form spontaneously by phophorylation of the STAT protein, or which can be prepared synthetically by chemically cross-linking two like or unlike STAT proteins.

The receptor recognition factor is proteinaceous in composition and is believed to be present in the cytoplasm. The recognition factor is not demonstrably affected by concentrations of second messengers, however does exhibit direct interaction with tyrosine kinase domains, although it exhibits no apparent interaction with G-proteins. More particularly, as is shown in a co-pending, co-owned application entitled “INTERFERON-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR RECOGNITION FACTORS, NUCLEIC ACIDS ENCODING THE SAME AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF,” filed on even date herewith, the 91 kD human interferon (IFN)-γ factor, represented by SEQ ID NO:4 directly interacts with DNA after acquiring phosphate on tyrosine located at position 701 of the amino acid sequence.

The recognition factor is now known to comprise several proteinaceous substituents, in the instance of IFNα and IFNγ. Particularly, three proteins derived from the factor ISGF-3 have been successfully sequenced and their sequences are set forth in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 2), FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NOS:3, 4) and FIG. 3 (SEQ. ID NOS.5, 6) herein. Additionally, a murine gene encoding the 91 kD protein (SEQ ID NO:4) has been identified and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:7) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:8) are shown in FIGS. 13A-13C.

In a further embodiment, murine genes encoding homologs of the recognition factor have been succefully sequenced and cloned into plasmids. A gene in plasmid 13sf1 has the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:9) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:10) as shown in FIGS. 14A-14C. A gene in plasmid 19sf6 has the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:11) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:12) shown in FIGS. 15A-15C.

It is particularly noteworthy that the protein sequence of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:2) and the sequence of the proteins of FIGS. 2 (SEQ ID NO:4) and 3 (SEQ ID NO:6) derive, respectively, from two different but related genes. Moreover, the protein sequence of FIG. 13 (SEQ ID NO:8) derives from a murine gene that is analogous to the gene encoding the protein of FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO:4). Of further note is that the protein sequences of FIGS. 14 (SEQ ID NO:10) and 15 (SEQ ID NO:12) derive from two genes that are different from, but related to, the protein of FIG. 13 (FIG ID NO:8). It is clear from these discoveries that a family of genes exists, and that further family members likewise exist. Accordingly, as demonstrated herein, by use of hybridization techniques, additional such family members will be found.

Further, the capacity of such family members to function in the manner of the receptor recognition factors disclosed, herein may be assessed by determining those ligand that cause the phosphorylation of the particular family members.

In its broadest aspect, the present invention extends to a receptor recognition factor implicated in the transcriptional stimulation of genes in target cells in response to the binding of a specific polypeptide ligand to its cellular receptor on said target cell, said receptor recognition factor having the following characteristics:

a) apparent direct interaction with the ligand-bound receptor complex and activation of one or more transcription factors capable of binding with a specific gene;

b) an activity demonstrably unaffected by the presence or concentration of second messengers;

c) direct interaction with tyrosine kinase domains; and

d) a perceived absence of interaction with G-proteins.

In a further aspect, the receptor recognition (STAT) protein forms a dimer upon activation by phosphorylation.

In a specific example, the receptor recognition factor represented by SEQ ID NO:4 possesses the added capability of acting as a transcription factor and, in particular, as a DNA binding protein in response to interferon-γ stimulation. This discovery presages an expanded role for the proteins in question, and other proteins and like factors that have heretofore been characterized as receptor recognition factors. It is therefore apparent that a single factor may indeed provide the nexus between the liganded receptor at the cell surface and direct participation in DNA transcriptional activity in the nucleus. This pleiotypic factor has the following characteristics:

a) It interacts with an interferon-γ-bound receptor kinase complex;

b) It is a tyrosine kinase substrate; and

c) When phosphorylated, it serves as a DNA binding protein.

More particularly, the factor represented by SEQ ID NO:4 is interferon-dependent in its activity and is responsive to interferon stimulation, particularly that of interferon-γ. It has further been discovered that activation of the factor represented by SEQ: ID NO:4 requires phosphorylation of tyrosine-701 of the protein, and further still that tyrosine phosphorylation requires the presence of a functionally active SH2 domain in the protein. Preferably, such SH2 domain contains an amino acid residue corresponding to an arginine at position 602 of the protein.

In a still further aspect, the present invention extends to a receptor recognition factor interactive with a liganded interferon receptor, which receptor recognition factor possesses the following characteristics:

a) it is present in cytoplasm;

b) it undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation upon treatment of cells with IFNα or IFNγ;

c) it activates transcription of an interferon stimulated gene;

d) it stimulates either an ISRE-dependent or a gamma activated site (GAS)-dependent transcription in vivo;

e) it interacts with IFN cellular receptors, and

f) it undergoes nuclear translocation upon stimulation of the IFN cellular receptors with IFN.

The factor of the invention represented by SEQ ID NO:4 appears to act in similar fashion to an earlier determined site-specific DNA binding protein that is interferon-γ dependent and that has been earlier called the γ activating factor (GAF). Specifically, interferon-γ-dependent activation of this factor occurs without new protein synthesis and appears within minutes of interferon-γ treatment, achieves maximum extent between 15 and 30 minutes thereafter, and then disappears after 2-3 hours. These further characteristics of identification and action assist in the evaluation of the present factor for applications having both diagnostic and therapeutic significance.

In a particular embodiment, the present invention relates to all members of the herein disclosed family of receptor recognition factors except the 91 kD protein factors, specifically the proteins whose sequences are represented by one or more of SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6 or SEQ ID NO:8.

The present invention also relates to a recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene, or a degenerate variant thereof, which encodes a receptor recognition factor, or a fragment thereof, that possesses a molecular weight of about 113 kD and an amino acid sequence set forth in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:2); preferably a nucleic acid molecule, in particular a recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene, encoding the 113 kD receptor recognition factor has a nucleotide sequence or is complementary to a DNA sequence shown in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1). In another embodiment, the receptor recognition factor has a molecular weight of about 91 kD and the amino acid sequence set forth in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO:4) or FIG. 13 (SEQ ID NO:8); preferably a nucleic acid molecule, in particular a recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene, encoding the 91 kD receptor recognition factor has a nucleotide sequence or is complementary to a DNA seqnece shown in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO:3) or FIG. 13 (SEQ ID NO:8). In yet a further embodiment, the receptor recognition factor has a molecular weight of about 84 kD and the amino acid sequence set forth in FIG. 3 (SEQ ID NO:6); preferably a nucleic acid molecule, in particular a recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene, encoding the 84 kD receptor recognition factor has a nucleotide sequence or is complementary to a DNA seqnece shown in FIG. 3 (SEQ ID NO:5). In yet another embodiment, the receptor recognition factor has an amino acid sequence set forth in FIG. 14 (SEQ ID NO:10); preferably a nucleic acid molecule, in particular a recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene, encoding such receptor recognition factor has a nucleotide sequence or is complementary to a DNA seqnece shown in FIG. 14 (SEQ ID NO:9). In still another embodiment, the receptor recognition factor has an amino acid sequence set forth in FIG. 15 (SEQ ID NO:12); preferably a nucleic acid molecule, in particular a recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene, encoding such receptor recognition factor has a nucleotide sequence or is complementary to a DNA seqnece shown in FIG. 15 (SEQ ID NO:11).

The human and murine DNA sequences of the receptor recognition factors of the present invention or portions thereof, may be prepared as probes to screen for complementary sequences and genomic clones in the same or alternate species. The present invention extends to probes so prepared that may be provided for screening cDNA and genomic libraries for the receptor recognition factors. For example, the probes may be prepared with a variety of known vectors, such as the phage λ vector. The present invention also includes the preparation of plasmids including such vectors, and the use of the DNA sequences to construct vectors expressing antisense RNA or ribozymes which would attack the mRNAs of any or all of the DNA sequences set forth in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 13, 14 and 15 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, respectively). Correspondingly, the preparation of antisense RNA and ribozymes are included herein.

The present invention also includes receptor recognition factor proteins having the activities noted herein, and that display the amino acid sequences set forth and described above and selected from SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10 and SEQ ID NO:12.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the full DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene so determined may be operatively linked to an expression control sequence which may be introduced into an appropriate host. The invention accordingly extends to unicellular hosts transformed with the cloned gene or recombinant DNA molecule comprising a DNA sequence encoding the present receptor recognition factor(s), and more particularly, the complete DNA sequence determined from the sequences set forth above and in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9 and SEQ ID NO:11.

According to other preferred features of certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, a recombinant expression system is provided to produce biologically active animal or human receptor recognition factor.

The concept of the receptor recognition factor contemplates that specific factors exist for correspondingly specific ligands, such as tumor necrosis factor, nerve growth factor and the like, as described earlier. Accordingly, the exact structure of each receptor recognition factor will understandably vary so as to achieve this ligand and activity specificity. It is this specificity and the direct involvement of the receptor recognition factor in the chain of events leading to gene activation, that offers the promise of a broad spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic utilities.

The present invention naturally contemplates several means for preparation of the recognition factor, including as illustrated herein known recombinant techniques, and the invention is accordingly intended to cover such synthetic preparations within its scope. The isolation of the cDNA amino acid sequences disclosed herein facilitates the reproduction of the recognition factor by such recombinant techniques, and accordingly, the invention extends to expression vectors prepared from the disclosed DNA sequences for expression in host systems by recombinant DNA techniques, and to the resulting transformed hosts.

The invention includes an assay system for screening of potential drugs effective to modulate transcriptional activity of target mammalian cells by interrupting or potentiating the recognition factor or factors. In one instance, the test drug could be administered to a cellular sample with the ligand that activates the receptor recognition factor, or an extract containing the activated recognition factor, to determine its effect upon the binding activity of the recognition factor to any chemical sample (including DNA), or to the test drug, by comparison with a control.

The assay system could more importantly be adapted to identify drugs or other entities that are capable of binding to the receptor recognition and/or transcription factors or proteins, either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus, thereby inhibiting or potentiating transcriptional activity. Such assay would be useful in the development of drugs that would be specific against particular cellular activity, or that would potentiate such activity, in time or in level of activity. For example, such drugs might be used to modulate cellular response to shock, or to treat other pathologies, as for example, in making IFN more potent against cancer.

In yet a further embodiment, the invention contemplates antagonists of the activity of a receptor recognition factor (STAT). In particular, an agent or molecule that inhibits dimerization (homodimerization or heterodimerization) can be used to block transcription activation effected by an acitvated, phosphorylated STAT protein. In a specific embodiment, the antagonist can be a peptide having the sequence of a portion of an SH2 domain of a STAT protein, or the phophotyrosine domaine of a STAT protein, or both. If the peptide contains both regions, preferably the regions are located in tandem, more preferably with the SH2 domain portion N-terminal to the phosphotyrosine portion. In a specific example, infra, such peptides are shown to be capable of disrupting dimerization of STAT proteins.

One of the characteristics of the present receptor recognition factors is their participation in rapid phosphorylation and dephosphorylation during the course of and as part of their activity. Significantly, such phosphorylation takes place in an interferon-dependent manner and within a few minutes in the case of the ISGF-3 proteins identified herein, on the tyrosine residues defined thereon. This is strong evidence that the receptor recognition factors disclosed herein are the first true substrates whose intracellular function is well understood and whose intracellular activity depends on tyrosine kinase phosphorylation. In particular, the addition of phosphate to the tyrosine of a transcription factor is novel. This suggests further that tyrosine kinase takes direct action in the transmission of intracellular signals to the nucleus, and does not merely serve as a promoter or mediator of serine and/or serinine kinase activity, as has been theorized to date. Also, the role of the factor represented by SEQ ID NO:2 in its activated phosphorylated form suggests possible independent therapeutic use for this activated form. Likewise, the role of the factor as a tyrosine kinase substrate suggests its interaction with kinase in other theatres apart from the complex observed herein.

The diagnostic utility of the present invention extends to the use of the present receptor recognition factors in assays to screen for tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Because the activity of the receptor recognition-transcriptional activation proteins described herein must maintain tyrosine phosphorylation, they can and presumably are dephosphorylated by specific tyrosine phosphatases. Blocking of the specific phosphatase is therefore an avenue of pharmacological intervention that would potentiate the activity of the receptor recognition proteins.

The present invention likewise extends to the development of antibodies against the receptor recognition factor(s), including naturally raised and recombinantly prepared antibodies. For example, the antibodies could be used to screen expression libraries to obtain the gene or genes that encode the receptor recognition factor(s). Such antibodies could include both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies prepared by known genetic techniques, as well as bi-specific (chimeric) antibodies, and antibodies including other functionalities suiting them for additional diagnostic use conjunctive with their capability of modulating transcriptional activity.

In particular, antibodies against specifically phosphorylated factors can be selected and are included within the scope of the present invention for their particular ability in following activated protein. Thus, activity of the recognition factors or of the specific polypeptides believed to be causally connected thereto may therefore be followed directly by the assay techniques discussed later on, through the use of an appropriately labeled quantity of the recognition factor or antibodies or analogs thereof.

Thus, the receptor recognition factors, their analogs and/or analogs, and any antagonists or antibodies that may be raised thereto, are capable of use in connection with various diagnostic techniques, including immunoassays, such as a radioimmunoassay, using for example, an antibody to the receptor recognition factor that has been labeled by either radioactive addition, reduction with sodium borohydride, or radioiodination.

In an immunoassay, a control quantity of the antagonists or antibodies thereto, or the like may be prepared and labeled with an enzyme, a specific binding partner and/or a radioactive element, and may then be introduced into a cellular sample. After the labeled material or its binding partner(s) has had an opportunity to react with sites within the sample, the resulting mass may be examined by known techniques, which may vary with the nature of the label attached. For example, antibodies against specifically phosphorylated factors may be selected and appropriately employed in the exemplary assay protocol, for the purpose of following activated protein as described above.

In the instance where a radioactive label, such as the isotopes ³H, ¹⁴C, ³²P, ³⁵S, ³⁶Cl, ⁵¹Cr, ⁵⁷Co, ⁵⁸Co, ⁵⁹Fe, ⁹⁰Y, ¹²⁵I, ¹³¹I, and ¹⁸⁶Re are used, known currently available counting procedures may be utilized. In the instance where the label is an enzyme, detection may be accomplished by any of the presently utilized colorimetric, spectrophotometric, fluorospectrophotometric, amperometric or gasometric techniques known in the art.

The present invention includes an assay system which may be prepared in the form of a test kit for the quantitative analysis of the extent of the presence of the recognition factors, or to identify drugs or other agents that may mimic or block their activity. The system or test kit may comprise a labeled component prepared by one of the radioactive and/or enzymatic techniques discussed herein, coupling a label to the recognition factors, their agonists and/or antagonists, and one or more additional immunochemical reagents, at least one of which is a free or immobilized ligand, capable either of binding with the labeled component, its binding partner, one of the components to be determined or their binding partner(s).

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to certain therapeutic methods which would be based upon the activity of the recognition factor(s), its (or their) subunits, or active fragments thereof, or upon agents or other drugs determined to possess the same activity. A first therapeutic method is associated with the prevention of the manifestations of conditions causally related to or following from the binding activity of the recognition factor or its subunits, and comprises administering an agent capable of modulating the production and/or activity of the recognition factor or subunits thereof, either individually or in mixture with each other in an amount effective to prevent the development of those conditions in the host. For example, drugs or other binding partners to the receptor recognition/transcription factors or proteins may be administered to inhibit or potentiate transcriptional activity, as in the potentiation of interferon in cancer therapy. Also, the blockade of the action of specific tyrosine phosphatases in the dephosphorylation of activated (phosphorylated) recognition/transcription factors or proteins presents a method for potentiating the activity of the receptor recognition factor or protein that would concomitantly potentiate therapies based on receptor recognition factor/protein activation.

More specifically, the therapeutic method generally referred to herein could include the method for the treatment of various pathologies or other cellular dysfunctions and derangements by the administration of pharmaceutical compositions that may comprise effective inhibitors or enhancers of activation of the recognition factor or its subunits, or other equally effective drugs developed for instance by a drug screening assay prepared and used in accordance with a further aspect of the present invention. For example, drugs or other binding partners to the receptor recognition/transcription factor or proteins, as represented by SEQ ID NO:2, may be administered to inhibit or potentiate transcriptional activity, as in the potentiation of interferon in cancer therapy. Also, the blockade of the action of specific tyrosine phosphatases in the dephosphorylation of activated (phosphorylated) recognition/transcription factor or protein presents a method for potentiating the activity of the receptor recognition factor or protein that would concomitantly potentiate therapies based on receptor recognition factor/protein activation. Correspondingly, the inhibition or blockade of the activation or binding of the recognition/transcription factor would affect MHC Class II expression and consequently, would promote immunosuppression. Materials exhibiting this activity, as illustrated later on herein by staurosporine, may be useful in instances such as the treatment of autoimmune diseases and graft rejection, where a degree of immunosuppression is desirable.

In particular, the proteins of ISGF-3 whose sequences are presented in SEQ ID NOS:2, 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 herein, their antibodies, agonists, antagonists, or active fragments thereof, could be prepared in pharmaceutical formulations for administration in instances wherein interferon therapy is appropriate, such as to treat chronic viral hepatitis, hairy cell leukemia, and for use of interferon in adjuvant therapy. The specificity of the receptor proteins hereof would make it possible to better manage the aftereffects of current interferon therapy, and would thereby make it possible to apply interferon as a general antiviral agent.

Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a receptor recognition factor and its subunits in purified form that exhibits certain characteristics and activities associated with transcriptional promotion of cellular activity.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide antibodies to the receptor recognition factor and its subunits, and methods for their preparation, including recombinant means.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for detecting the presence of the receptor recognition factor and its subunits in mammals in which invasive, spontaneous, or idiopathic pathological states are suspected to be present.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method and associated assay system for screening substances such as drugs, agents and the like, potentially effective in either mimicking the activity or combating the adverse effects of the recognition factor and/or its subunits in mammals.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method for the treatment of mammals to control the amount or activity of the recognition factor or subunits thereof, so as to alter the adverse consequences of such presence or activity, or where beneficial, to enhance such activity.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method for the treatment of mammals to control the amount or activity of the recognition factor or its subunits, so as to treat or avert the adverse consequences of invasive, spontaneous or idiopathic pathological states.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide pharmaceutical compositions for use in therapeutic methods which comprise or are based upon the recognition factor, its subunits, their binding partner(s), or upon agents or drugs that control the production, or that mimic or antagonize the activities of the recognition factors.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the ensuing description which proceeds with reference to the following illustrative drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts the full receptor recognition factor nucleic acid sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence derived for the ISGF-3α gene defining the 113 kD) protein. The nucleotides are numbered from 1 to 2553 (SEQ ID NO:1), and the amino acids are numbered from 1 to 851 (SEQ ID NO:2).

FIG. 2 depicts the full receptor recognition factor nucleic acid sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence derived for the ISGF-3α gene defining the 91 kD protein. The nucleotides are numbered from 1 to 3943 (SEQ ID NO:3), and the amino acids are numbered from 1 to 750 (SEQ ID NO:4).

FIG. 3 depicts the full receptor recognition factor nucleic acid sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence derived for the ISGF-3α gene defining the 84 kD protein. The nucleotides are numbered from 1 to 2166 (SEQ ID NO:5), and the amino acids are numbered from 1 to 712 (SEQ ID NO:6).

FIG. 4 shows the purification of ISGF-3. The left-hand portion of the Figure shows the purification of ISGF-3 demonstrating the polypeptides present after the first oligonucleotide affinity column (lane 3) and two different preparations after the final chromatography step (Lanes 1 and 2). The left most lane contains protein size markers (High molecular weight, Sigma). ISGF-3 component proteins are indicated as 113 kD, 91 kD, 84 kD, and 48 kD [Kessler et al., GENES & DEV., 4 (1990); Levy et al., THE EMBO. J., 9 (1990)]. The right-hand portion of the Figure shows purified ISGF-3 from 2-3×10¹¹ cells was electroblotted to nitrocellulose after preparations 1 and 2 (Lanes 1 and 2) had been pooled and separated on a 7.5% SDS polyacrylamide gel. ISGF-3 component proteins are indicated. The two lanes on the right represent protein markers (High molecular weight, and prestained markers, Sigma).

FIGS. 5a-5 b generally presents the results of Northern Blot analysis for the 91/84 kD peptides. FIG. 5a presents restriction maps for cDNA clones E4 (top map) and E3 (bottom map) showing DNA fragments that were radiolabeled as probes (probes A-D). FIG. 5b comprises Northern blots of cytoplasmic HeLa RNA hybridized with the indicated probes. The 4.4 and 3.1 KB species as well as the 28S and 18S rRNA bands are indicated.

FIG. 6 depicts the conjoint protein sequence of the 91 kD (SEQ ID NO:4) and 84 kD (SEQ ID NO:6) proteins of ISGF-3. One letter amino acid code is shown for the open reading frame from clone E4, (encoding the 91 kD protein). The 84 kD protein, encoded by a different cDNA (E3), has the identical sequence but terminates after amino acid 712, as indicated. Tryptic peptides t19, t13a, and t13b from the 91 kD protein are indicated. The sole recovered tryptic peptide from the 84 kD protein, peptide t27, was wholly contained within peptide t19 as indicated.

FIGS. 7a-7presents the results of Western blot and antibody shift analyses.

a) Highly purified ISGF-3, fractionated on a 7.0% SDS polyacrylamide gel, was probed with antibodies a42 (amino acids 597-703); a55 (amino acids 2-59); and a57 (amino acids 705-739) in a Western blot analysis. The silver stained part of the gel (lanes a, b, and c) illustrates the location of the ISGF-3 component proteins and the purity of the material used in Western blot: Lane a) Silver stain of protein sample used in all the Western blot experiments (immune and preimmune). Lane b) Material of equal purity to that shown in FIG. 4, for clearer identification of the ISGF-3 proteins. Lane c) Size protein markers indicated.

b) Antibody interference of the ISGF-3 shift complex; Lane a) The complete ISGF-3 and the free ISGF-3γ component shift with partially purified ISGF-3 are marked; Lane b) Competition with a 100 fold excess of cold ISRE oligonucleotide. Lane c) Shift complex after the addition of 1 ml of preimmune serum to a 12.5 μl shift reaction. Lanes d and e)—Shift complex after the addition of 1 μl of a 1:10 dilution or 1 ml of undiluted a42 antiserum to a 12.5 μl shift reaction.

Methods

Antibodies a42, a55 and a57 were prepared by injecting approximately 500 mgm of a fusion protein prepared in E. coli using the GE3-3X vector [Smith et al., GENE, 67 (1988)]. Rabbits were bled after the second boost and serum prepared.

For Western blots highly purified ISGF-3 was separated on a 7% SDS polyacrylamide gel and electroblotted to nitrocellulose. The filter was incubated in blocking buffer (“blotto”), cut into strips and probed with specific antiserum and preimmune antiserum diluted 1:500. The immune complexes were visualized with the aid of an ECL kit (Amersham). Shift analyses were performed as previously described [Levy et al., GENES & DEV., 2 (1988); Levy et al., GENES & DEV., 3 (1989)] in a 4.5% polyacrylamide gel.

FIG. 8 presents the full length amino acid sequence of 113 kD protein components of ISGF-3α (SEQ ID NO:2) and alignment of conserved amino acid sequences between the 113 kD and 91/84 kD proteins (SEQ ID NOS:4 AND 6).

A. Polypeptide sequences (A-E) derived from protein micro-sequencing of purified 113 kD protein (see accompanying paper) are underlined. Based on peptide E, we designed a degenerate oligonucleotide, AAT/CACIGAA/GCCIATGGAA/GATT/CATT (SEQ ID NO:13), which was used to screen a cDNA library [Pine et la., MOL. CELL. BIOL., 10 (1990)] basically as described [Norman et al., CELL, 55 (1988)]. Briefly, the degenerate oligonucleotides were labeled by 32P-γ-ATP by polynucleotide kinase, hybridizations were carried out overnight at 40° C. in 6×SSTE (0.9 M NaCl, 60 mM Tris-HCl [pH 7.9] 6 mM EDTA), 0.1% SDS, 2 mM Na₂P₅O₇, 6 mM KH₂PO₄ in the presence of 100 mg/ml salmon sperm DNA sperm and 10×Denhardt's solution [Maniatis et al., MOLECULAR CLONING, A LABORATORY MANUAL (Cold Spring Harbor Lab., 1982)]. The nitrocellulose filters then were washed 4×10 min. with the same hybridization conditions without labeled probe and salmon sperm DNA. Autoradiography was carried out at −80° C. with intensifying screen for 48 hrs. A PCR product was obtained later by the same method described for the 91/84 kD sequences, by using oligonucleotides designed according polypeptide D and E. The sequence of this PCR product was identical to a region in clone f11. The full length of 113 kD protein contains 851 amino acids. Three major helices in the N-terminal region were predicted by the methods of both Chou and Fasman [Chou et al., ANN. REV. BIOCHEM., 47 (1978)] and Gamier et al [Gamier et al., J. MOL. BIOL., 12 (1978)] and are shown in shadowed boxes. At the C-terminal end, a highly negative charged domain was found. All negative charged residues are blackened and positive charged residues shadowed. The five polypeptides that derived from protein microscreening [Aebersold et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 87 (1987)] are underlined.

B) Comparison of amino acid sequences of 113 kD and 91/84 kD protein shows a 42% identical amino acid residues in the overlapping 715 amino acid sequence shown. In the middle helix region four leucine and one valine heptad repeats were identified in both 113 and 91/84 kD protein (the last leucine in 91/84 kD is not exactly preserved as heptad repeats). When a heligram structure was drawn this helix is amphipathic (not shown). Another notable feature of this comparison is several tyrosine residues that are conserved in both proteins near their ends.

FIG. 9 shows the in vitro transcription and translation of 113 kD and 91 kD cDNA and a Northern blot analysis with 113 kD cDNA probe.

a) The full length cDNA clones of 113 and 91 kD protein were transcribed in vitro and transcribed RNAs was translated in vitro with rabbit lenticulate lysate (Promega; conditions as described in the Promega protocol). The mRNA of BMV (Promega) was simultaneously translated as a protein size marker. The 113 cDNA yielded a translated product about 105 kD and the 91 cDNA yielded a 86 kD product.

b) When total cytoplasmic mRNAs isolated from superinduced HeLa cells were utilized, a single 4.8 KB mRNA band was observed with a cDNA probe coding for C-end of 113 kD protein in a Northern blot analysis [Nielsch et al., The EMBO. J., 10 (1991)].

FIG. 10(A) presents the results of Western blot analysis confirming the identity of the 113 kD protein. An antiserum raised against a polypeptide segment [Harlow et al., ANTIBODIES; A LABORATORY MANUAL (Cold Spring Harbor Lab., 1988)] from amino acid 500 to 650 of 113 kD protein recognized specifically a 113 kD protein in a protein Western blot analysis. The antiserum recognized a band both in a highly purified ISGF-3 fraction (>10,000 fold) from DNA affinity chromatography and in the crude extracts prepared from γ and α IFN treated HeLa cells [Fu et al.,PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 87 (1990)]. The antiserum was raised against a fusion protein [a cDNA fragment coding for part of 113 kD protein was inserted into pGEX-2T, a high expression vector in the E. coli [Smith et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 83 (1986)] purified from E. coli [Smith et al., GENE, 67 (1988)]. The female NZW rabbits were immunized with 1 mg fusion protein in Freund's adjuvant. Two subsequent boosts two weeks apart were carried out with 500 mg fusion protein. The Western blot was carried out with conditions described previously [Pine et al., MOL. CELL. BIOL., 10 (1990)].

FIG. 10(B) presents the results of a mobility shift assay showing that the anti-113 antiserum affects the ISGF-3 shift complex. Preimmune serum or the 113 kD antiserum was added to shift reaction carried out as described [Fu et al. PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 87 (1990); Kessler et al. GENES & DEV., 4, (1990)] at room temperature for 20 min. then one-third of reaction material was loaded onto a 5% polyacrylamide gel. In addition unlabeled probe was included in one reaction to show specificity of the gel shift complexes.

FIG. 11 shows the results of experiments investigating the IFN-α dependent phosphorylation of 113, 91 and 84 kD proteins. Protein samples from cells treated in various ways after 60 min. exposure to ³²PO₄ ⁻³ were precipitated with antiserum to 113 kD protein. Lane 1, no treatment of cells; Lane 2, cells treated 7 min. with IFN-α. By comparison with the marker proteins labeled 200, 97.5, 69 and 46 kD (kilo daltons), the PO₄ ⁻³ labeled proteins in the precipitate are seen to be 113 and 91 kD. Lane 3, cells treated with IFN-γ overnight (no phosphorylated proteins) and then (Lane 4) treated with IFN-α for 7 min. show heavier phosphorylation of 113, 91 and 84 kD.

FIG. 12 is a chromatogram depicting the identification of phosphoamino acid. Phosphate labeled protein of 113, 91 or 84 kD size was hydrolyzed and chromatographed to reveal newly labeled phosphotyrosine. Cells untreated with IFN showed only phosphoserine label. (P Ser=phosphoserine; P Thr=phosphotireonine; P Tyr=phosphotyrosine.

FIG. 13 depicts (A) the deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:8) of and (B-C) the DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:7) encoding the murine 91 kD intracellular receptor recognition factor.

FIG. 14 depicts (A) the deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:10) of and (B-D) the DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:9) encoding the 13sf1 intracellular receptor recognition factor.

FIG. 15 depicts (A) the deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:12) of and (B-E) the DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:11) encoding the 19sf6 intracellular receptor recognition factor.

FIG. 16. Determination of molecular weights of Stat91 and phospho Stat91 by native gel analysis.

A) Western blot analysis of fractions from affinity purification. Extracts from human FS2 fibroblasts treated with IFN-γ (Ext), the unbound fraction (Flow), the fraction washed with Buffer AO.2 (AO.2), and the bound fraction eluted with buffer AO.8(AO.8) were immunoblotted with anti-91T.

B) Native gel analysis. Phosphorylated Stat91 (the AO.8 fraction from A) and unphosphorylated Stat91 (the Flow fraction from A) were analyzed on 4.5%, 5.5%, 6.5% and 7.5% native polyacrylamide gels followed by immunoblotting with anti-91T. The top of gels (TOP) and the migration position of bromophenol blue (BPB) are indicated.

C) Ferguson plots. The relative mobilities (Rm) of the Stat91 and phospho Stat91 were obtained from FIG. 1B (see Experimental Procedures). Closed circle: Chicken egg albumin (45 kD); Cross: Bovine serum albumin, monomer (66 kD); Open square: Bovine serum albumin, dimer (132 kD); Open circle: Urease, trimer (272 kD); Open triangle: Unphosphorylated Stat91; Closed triangle: Phosphorylated Stat91.

D) Determination of molecular weights from the standard curve. The molecular weights of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated Stat91 proteins (indicated as closed and open arrows, respectively) were obtained by extrapolation of their retardation coefficients.

FIG. 17. Determination of molecular weights by glycerol gradients.

A) Western blot analysis. Extracts from human Bud8 fibroblasts treated with IFN-γ (the rightmost lane) and every other fraction from fraction 16 to 34 were analyzed on 7.5% SDS-PAGE followed by immunobloting with anti-91T. The peak of phosphorylated Stat91 (fraction 20) and the peak of unphosphorylated Stat91 (fraction 30) were indicated by a closed and open arrow, respectively.

B) Mobility shift analysis. Every other fractions from the gradients were analyzed.

C) Graphic representation of the data from A and B. Peak fraction numbers of protein standards are plotted versus their molecular weight. The position of peaks (of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated Stat91 protein are indicated by the closed and open arrows, respectively. Standards are ferritin (Fer, 440 kD), catalase (Cat, 232 kD), ferritin half unit (Fer ½, 220 kD)), aldolase (Ald, 158 kD), bovine serum albumin (BSA, 68 kD).

FIG. 18. Stat91 in cell extracts binds DNA as a dimer.

A) Wester blot analysis. Extracts from stable cell lines expressing either Stat84 (C84), or Stat91L (C91L) or both (Cmx) were analyzed on 7.5% SDS-PAGE followed by immunobloting with anti-91.

B) Gel mobility shift analysis. Extracts from stable cell lines (FIG. 3A) untreated (−)or treated with IFN-γ(+) were analyzed. The positions of Stat91 homodimer (91L), Stat84 homodimer (84), and the heterodimer (84*91) are indicated.

FIG. 19. Formation of herterodimer by denaturation and renaturation. Cytoplasmic (Left Panel) or nuclear extracts (Right Panel) from IFNγ-treated cell lines expressing either Stat84 (C84) or Stat91 (C91) were analyzed by gel mobility shift assays. +: with addition; −: without addition; D/R: samples were subjected to guanidinium hydrochloride denaturation and renaturation treatment.

FIG. 20. Diagramatic representation of dissociation and reassociation analysis.

FIG. 21. Dissociation-reassociation analysis with peptides. Gel mobility shift analysis with IFN-γ treated nuclear extracts from cell lines expressing Stat91L (C91L, lane 15) or Stat84 (C84, lane 14) or mixture of both (lane 1-13, 16-18) in the presence of increasing concentrations of various peptides. 91-Y, unphosphorylated peptide from Stat91 (LDGPKGTGYIKTELI) (SEQ. ID NO.:18); 91Y-p, phosphotyrosyl peptide from Stat91 (GY*IKTE) (SEQ ID NO.:19); 113Y-p, phosphotyrosyl peptide with high binding affinity to Src SH2 domain (EPQY*EEIPIYL, Songyang et al., 1993, Cell 72:767-778) (SEQ. ID NO.:21). Final concentrations of peptides added: 1 μM (lane 8), 4 μM (lane 2,5, 11), 10 μM (lane 9), 40 μM (lane 3, 6, 10, 12, 14-18), 160 μM (lane 4, 7, 13). +: with addition; −: without addition. Right panel: antiserum tests for identity of gel-shift bands (see FIG. 3).

FIG. 22. Dissociation-reassociation analysis with GST fusion proteins. A) SDS-PAGE (12%) analysis of purified GST fusion proteins as visualized by Commasie blue. GST-91 SH3, native SH2 domain of Stat91; GST-91 mSH2, R⁶⁰² to L⁶⁰² mutant; GST-91 SH3, SH3 domain of Stat91; GST Src SH2, the SH2 domain of src protein. Same amounts (1 μg) of each fusion proteins were loaded. Protein markers were run in lane 1 as indicated.

B) Dissociation-reassociation analysis similar to FIG. 6. Dissociating agents were GST fusion proteins purified from bacterial expression as shown above. Final concentrations of fusion proteins added are 0.5 μM (lanes 2, 5, 8, 11, 14), 2.5 μM (lanes 3, 6, 9, 12, 15) and 5 μM (lanes 4, 7, 10, 13, 17, 18). +: with addition; −: without addition; FP: fusion proteins.

FIG. 23. Comparison of Stat91 SH2 structure with known SH2 structures. The Stat91 sequence is disclosed herein (SEQ ID NO:4). The structures used for the other SH2s are Src (Waksman et al., 1992, Nature 358:646-653) (SEQ ID NO:22), AbI (Overduin et al., 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:11673-77 and 1992, Cell 70:697-704) (SEQ ID NO:23, Lck (Eck et al., 1993, Nature 362:87-91) (SEQ ID NO:24), and p85αN (Booker et al., 1992, Nature 358:684-687) (SEQ ID NO:25). The alignment of the determined structures is by direct coordinate superimposition of the backbone structures. The names of secondary structural features and significant residues is based on the scheme of Eck et al., 1993. The boundaries and extents of the structure features are indicated by [ - - - ]. The starting numbers for the parent sequences are shown in parentheses. Experimentally determined structurally conserved regions are from Src, p85α, and AbI (Cowburn, unpublished). The root mean square deviation of three-dimensionally aligned structures differs by less than 1 Angstrom for the backbone non-hydrogen atoms in the sections marked by the XXX.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In accordance with the present invention there may be employed conventional molecular biology, microbiology, and recombinant DNA techniques within the skill of the art. Such techniques are explained fully in the literature. See, e.g., Maniatis, Fritsch & Sambrook, “Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual” (1982); “DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach,” Volumes I and II (D. N. Glover ed. 1985); “Oligonucleotide Synthesis” (M. J. Gait ed. 1984); “Nucleic Acid Hybridization” [B. D. Hames & S. J. Higgins eds. (1985)]; “Transcription And Translation” [B. D. Hames & S. J. Higgins, eds. (1984)]; “Animal Cell Culture” [R. I. Freshney, ed. (1986)]; “Immobilized Cells And Enzymes” [IRL Press, (1986)]; B. Perbal, “A Practical Guide To Molecular Cloning” (1984).

Therefore, if appearing herein, the following terms shall have the definitions set out below.

The terms “receptor recognition factor”, “receptor recognition-tyrosine kinase factor”, “receptor recognition factor/tyrosine kinase substrate”, “receptor recognition/transcription factor”, “recognition factor” and “recognition factor protein(s)” and any variants not specifically listed, may be used herein interchangeably, and as used throughout the present application and claims refer to proteinaceous material including single or multiple proteins, and extends to those proteins having the amino acid sequence data described herein and presented in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:2), FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO:4) and in FIG. 3 (SEQ ID NO:6), and the profile of activities set forth herein and in the Claims. Accordingly, proteins displaying substantially equivalent or altered activity are likewise contemplated. These modifications may be deliberate, for example, such as modifications obtained through site-directed mutagenesis, or may be accidental, such as those obtained through mutations in hosts that are producers of the complex or its named subunits. Also, the terms “receptor recognition factor”, “recognition factor” and “recognition factor protein(s)” are intended to include within their scope proteins specifically recited herein as well as all substantially homologous analogs and allelic variations.

The amino acid residues described herein are preferred to be in the “L” isomeric form. However, residues in the “D” isomeric form can be substituted for any L-amino acid residue, as long as the desired fuctional property of immunoglobulin-binding is retained by the polypeptide. NH2 refers to the free amino group present at the amino terminus of a polypeptide. COOH refers to the free carboxy group present at the carboxy terminus of a polypeptide. In keeping with standard polypeptide nomenclature, J. Biol. Chem., 243:3552-59 (1969), abbreviations for amino acid residues are shown in the following Table of Correspondence:

TABLE OP CORRESPONDENCE SYMBOL 1-Letter 3-Letter AMINO ACID Y Tyr tyrosine G Gly glycine F Phe phenylalanine M Met methionine A Ala alanine S Ser serine I Ile isoleucine L Leu leucine T Thr threonine V Val valine P Pro proline K Lys lysine H His histidine Q Gln glutamine E Glu glutamic acid W Trp tryptophan R Arg arginine D Asp aspartic acid N Asn asparagine C Cys cysteine

It should be noted that all amino-acid residue sequences are represented herein by formulae whose left and right orientation is in the conventional direction of amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus. Furthermore, it should be noted that a dash at the beginning or end of an amino acid residue sequence indicates a peptide bond to a further sequence of one or more amino-acid residues. The above Table is presented to correlate the three-letter and one-letter notations which may appear alternately herein.

A “replicon” is any genetic element (e.g., plasmid, chromosome, virus) that functions as an autonomous unit of DNA replication in vivo; i.e., capable of replication under its own control.

A “vector” is a replicon, such as plasmid, phage or cosmid, to which another DNA segment may be attached so as to bring about the replication of the attached segment.

A “DNA molecule” refers to the polymeric form of deoxyribonucleotides (adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine) in its either single stranded form, or a double-stranded helix. This term refers only to the primary and secondary structure of the molecule, and does not limit it to any particular tertiary forms. Thus, this term includes double-stranded DNA found, inter alia, in linear DNA molecules (e.g., restriction fragments), viruses, plasmids, and chromosomes. In discussing the structure of particular double-stranded DNA molecules, sequences may be described herein according to the normal convention of giving only the sequence in the 5′ to 3′ direction along the nontranscribed strand of DNA (i.e., the strand having a sequence homologous to the mRNA).

An “origin of replication” refers to those DNA sequences that participate in DNA synthesis.

A DNA “coding sequence” is a double-stranded DNA sequence which is transcribed and translated into a polypeptide in vivo when placed under the control of appropriate regulatory sequences. The boundaries of the coding sequence are determined by a start codon at the 5′ (amino) terminus and a translation stop codon at the 3′ (carboxyl) terminus. A coding sequence can include, but is not limited to, prokaryotic sequences, cDNA from eukaryotic mRNA, genomic DNA sequences from eukaryotic (e.g., mammalian) DNA, and even synthetic DNA sequences. A polyadenylation signal and transcription termination sequence will usually be located 3′ to the coding sequence.

Transcriptional and translational control sequences are DNA regulatory sequences, such as promoters, enhancers, polyadenylation signals, terminators, and the like, that provide for the expression of a coding sequence in a host cell.

A “promoter sequence” is a DNA regulatory region capable of binding RNA polymerase in a cell and initiating transcription of a downstream (3′ direction) coding sequence. For purposes of defining the present invention, the promoter sequence is bounded at its 3′ terminus by the transcription initiation site and extends upstream (5′ direction) to include the minimum number of bases or elements necessary to initiate transcription at levels detectable above background. Within the promoter sequence will be found a transcription initiation site (conveniently defined by mapping with nuclease S1), as well as protein binding domains (consensus sequences) responsible for the binding of RNA polymerase. Eukaryotic promoters will often, but not always, contain “TATA” boxes and “CAT” boxes. Prokaryotic promoters contain Shine-Dalgarno sequences in addition to the −10 and −35 consensus sequences.

An “expression control sequence” is a DNA sequence that controls and regulates the transcription and translation of another DNA sequence. A coding sequence is “under the control” of transcriptional and translational control sequences in a cell when RNA polymerase transcribes the coding sequence into mRNA, which is then translated into the protein encoded by the coding sequence.

A “signal sequence” can be included before the coding sequence. This sequence encodes a signal peptide, N-terminal to the polypeptide, that communicates to the host cell to direct the polypeptide to the cell surface or secrete the polypeptide into the media, and this signal peptide is clipped off by the host cell before the protein leaves the cell. Signal sequences can be found associated with a variety of proteins native to prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

The term “oligonucleotide”, as used herein in referring to the probe of the present invention, is defined as a molecule comprised of two or more ribonucleotides, preferably more than three. Its exact size will depend upon many factors which, in turn, depend upon the ultimate function and use of the oligonucleotide.

The term “primer” as used herein refers to an oligonucleotide, whether occurring naturally as in a purified restriction digest or produced synthetically, which is capable of acting as a point of initiation of synthesis when placed under conditions in which synthesis of a primer extension product, which is complementary to a nucleic acid strand, is induced, i.e., in the presence of nucleotides and an inducing agent such as a DNA polymerase and at a suitable temperature and pH. The primer may be either single-stranded or double-stranded and must be sufficiently long to prime the synthesis of the desired extension product in the presence of the inducing agent. The exact length of the primer will depend upon many factors, including temperature, source of primer and use of the method. For example, for diagnostic applications, depending on the complexity of the target sequence, the oligonucleotide primer typically contains 15-25 or more nucleotides, although it may contain fewer nucleotides.

The primers herein are selected to be “substantially” complementary to different strands of a particular target DNA sequence. This means that the primers must be sufficiently complementary to hybridize with their respective strands. Therefore, the primer sequence need not reflect the exact sequence of the template. For example, a non-complementary nucleotide fragment may be attached to the 5′ end of the primer, with the remainder of the primer sequence being complementary to the strand. Alternatively, non-complementary bases or longer sequences can be interspersed into the primer, provided that the primer sequence has sufficient complementarity with the sequence of the strand to hybridize therewith and thereby form the template for the synthesis of the extension product.

As used herein, the terms “restriction endonucleases” and “restriction enzymes” refer to bacterial enzymes, each of which cut double-stranded DNA at or near a specific nucleotide sequence.

A cell has been “transformed” by exogenous or heterologous DNA when such DNA has been introduced inside the cell. The transforming DNA may or may not be integrated (covalently linked) into chromosomal DNA making up the genome of the cell. In prokaryotes, yeast, and mammalian cells for example, the transforming DNA may be maintained on an episomal element such as a plasmid. With respect to eukaryotic cells, a stably transformed cell is one in which the transforming DNA has become integrated into a chromosome so that it is inherited by daughter cells through chromosome replication. This stability is demonstrated by the ability of the eukaryotic cell to establish cell lines or clones comprised of a population of daughter cells containing the transforming DNA. A “clone” is a population of cells derived from a single cell or common ancestor by mitosis. A “cell line” is a clone of a primary cell that is capable of stable growth in vitro for many generations.

Two DNA sequences are “substantially homologous” when at least about 75% (preferably at least about 80%, and most preferably at least about 90 or 95%) of the nucleotides match over the defined length of the DNA sequences. Sequences that are substantially homologous can be identified by comparing the sequences using standard software available in sequence data banks, or in a Southern hybridization experiment under, for example, stringent conditions as defined for that particular system. Defining appropriate hybridization conditions is within the skill of the art. See, e.g., Maniatis et al., supra; DNA Cloning, Vols. I & II, supra; Nucleic Acid Hybridization, supra.

A “heterologous” region of the DNA construct is an identifiable segment of DNA within a larger DNA molecule that is not found in association with the larger molecule in nature. Thus, when the heterologous region encodes a mammalian gene, the gene will usually be flanked by DNA that does not flank the mammalian genomic DNA in the genome of the source organism. Another example of a heterologous coding sequence is a construct where the coding sequence itself is not found in nature (e.g., a cDNA where the genomic coding sequence contains introns, or synthetic sequences having codons different than the native gene). Allelic variations or naturally-occurring mutational events do not give rise to a heterologous region of DNA as defined herein.

An “antibody” is any immunoglobulin, including antibodies and fragments thereof, that binds a specific epitope. The term encompasses polyclonal, monoclonal, and chimeric antibodies, the last mentioned described in further detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,816,397 and 4,816,567.

An “antibody combining site” is that structural portion of an antibody molecule comprised of heavy and light chain variable and hypervariable regions that specifically binds antigen.

The phrase “antibody molecule” in its various grammatical forms as used herein contemplates both an intact immunoglobulin molecule and an immunologically active portion of an immunoglobulin molecule.

Exemplary antibody molecules are intact immunoglobulin molecules, substantially intact immunoglobulin molecules and those portions of an immunoglobulin molecule that contains the paratope, including those portions known in the art as Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)₂ and F(v), which portions are preferred for, use in the therapeutic methods described herein.

Fab and F(ab′)₂ portions of antibody molecules are prepared by the proteolytic reaction of papain and pepsin, respectively, on substantially intact antibody molecules by methods that are well-known. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,342,566 to Theofilopolous et al. Fab′ antibody molecule portions are also well-known and are produced from F(ab′)₂ portions followed by reduction of the disulfide bonds linking the two heavy chain portions as with mercaptoethanol, and followed by alkylation of the resulting protein mercaptan with a reagent such as iodoacetamide. An antibody containing intact antibody molecules is preferred herein.

The phrase “monoclonal antibody” in its various grammatical forms refers to an antibody having only one species of antibody combining site capable of immunoreacting with a particular antigen. A monoclonal antibody thus typically displays a single binding affinity for any antigen with which it immunoreacts. A monoclonal antibody may therefore contain an antibody molecule having a plurality of antibody combining sites, each immunospecific for a different antigen; e.g., a bispecific (chimeric) monoclonal antibody.

The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to molecular entities and compositions that are physiologically tolerable and do not typically produce an allergic or similar untoward reaction, such as gastric upset, dizziness and the like, when administered to a human.

The phrase “therapeutically effective amount” is used herein to mean an amount sufficient to prevent, and preferably reduce by at least about 30 percent, more preferably by at least 50 percent, most preferably by at least 90 percent, a clinically significant change in the S phase activity of a target cellular mass, or other feature of pathology such as for example, elevated blood pressure, fever or white cell count as may attend its presence and activity.

A DNA sequence is “operatively linked” to an expression control sequence when the expression control sequence controls and regulates the transcription and translation of that DNA sequence. The term “operatively linked” includes having an appropriate start signal (e.g., ATG) in front of the DNA sequence to be expressed and maintaining the correct reading frame to permit expression of the DNA sequence under the control of the expression control sequence and production of the desired product encoded by the DNA sequence. If a gene that one desires to insert into a recombinant DNA molecule does not contain an appropriate start signal, such a start signal can be inserted in front of the gene.

The term “standard hybridization conditions” refers to salt and temperature conditions substantially equivalent to 5×SSC and 65° C. for both hybridization and wash.

In its primary aspect, the present invention concerns the identification of a receptor recognition factor, and the isolation and sequencing of a particular receptor recognition factor protein, that is believed to be present in cytoplasm and that serves as a signal transducer between a particular cellular receptor having bound thereto an equally specific polypeptide ligand, and the comparably specific transcription factor that enters the nucleus of the cell and interacts with a specific DNA binding site for the activation of the gene to promote the predetermined response to the particular polypeptide stimulus. The present disclosure confirms that specific and individual receptor recognition factors exist that correspond to known stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor, nerve growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and the like. Specific evidence of this is set forth herein with respect to the interferons α and γ (IFNα and IFNγ).

A further property of the receptor recognition factors (also termed herein signal transducers and activators of transcription—STAT) is dimerization to form homodimers or heterodimers upon activation by phosphorylation of tyrosine. In a specific embodiment, infra, Stat91 and Stat84 form homodimers and a Stat91-Stat84 heterodimer. Accordingly, the present invention is directed to such dimers, which can form spontaneously by phophorylation of the STAT protein, or which can be prepared synthetically by chemically cross-linking two like or unlike STAT proteins.

The present receptor recognition factor is likewise noteworthy in that it appears not to be demonstrably affected by fluctuations in second messenger activity and concentration. The receptor recognition factor proteins appear to act as a substrate for tyrosine kinase domains, however do not appear to interact with G-proteins, and therefore do not appear to be second messengers.

A particular receptor recognition factor identified herein by SEQ ID NO:4, has been determined to be present in cytoplasm and serves as a signal transducer and a specifice transcription factor in response to IFN-γ stimulation that enters the nucleus of the cell and interacts directly with a specific DNA binding site for the activation of the gene to promote the predetermined response to the particular polypeptide stimulus. This particular factor also acts as a translation protein and, in particular, as a DNA binding protein in response to interferon-γ stimulation. This factor is likewise noteworthy in that it has the following characteristics:

a) It interacts with an interferon-γ-bound receptor kinase complex;

b) It is a tyrosine kinase substrate; and

c) When phosphorylated, it serves as a DNA binding protein.

More particularly, the factor of SEQ ID NO:4 directly interacts with DNA after acquiring phosphate on tyrosine located at position 701 of the amino acid sequence. Also, interferon-γ-dependent activation of this factor occurs without new protein synthesis and appears within minutes of interferon-γ treatment, achieves maximum extent between 15 and 30 minutes thereafter, and then disappears after 2-3 hours.

In a particular embodiment, the present invention relates to all members of the herein disclosed family of receptor recognition factors except the 91 kD protein factors, specifically the proteins whose sequences are represented by one or more of SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6 or SEQ ID NO:8.

Subsequent to the filing of the initial applications directed to the present invention, the inventors have; termed each member of the family of receptor recognition factors as a signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein. Each STAT protein is designated by the apparent molecular weight (e.g., Stat113, Stat91, Stat84, etc.), or by the order in which it has been identified (e.g., Stat1α [Stat91], Stat1β [Stat84], Stat2 [Stat113], Stat3 [a murine protein described in U.S. application Ser. No. 08/126,588, filed Sep. 24, 1993 as 19sf6], and Stat4 [a murine STAT protein described in U.S. application Ser. No. 08/126,588, filed Sep. 24, 1993 as 13sf1]). As will be readily appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the choice of name has no effect on the intrinsic characteristics of the factors described herein, which were first disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 07/845,296, filed Mar. 19, 1992. The present inventors have chosen to adopt this newly derived terminology herein as a convenience to the skilled artisan who is familiar with the subsequently published papers relating to the same, and in accordance with the proposal to harmonize the terminology for the novel class of proteins, and nucleic acids encoding the proteins, disclosed by the instant inventors. The terms [molecular weight] kd receptor recognition factor, Stat[molecular weight], and Stat[number] are used herein interchangeably, and have the meanings given above. For example, the terms 91 kd protein, Stat91, and Stat1α refer to the same protein, and in the appropriate context refer to the nucleic acid molecule encoding such protein.

As stated above, the present invention also relates to a recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene, or a degenerate variant thereof, which encodes a receptor recognition factor, or a fragment thereof, that possesses a molecular weight of about 113 kD and an amino acid sequence set forth in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:2); preferably a nucleic acid molecule, in particular a recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene, encoding the 113 kD receptor recognition factor has a nucleotide sequence or is complementary to a DNA sequence shown in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1). In another embodiment, the receptor recognition factor has a molecular weight of about 91 kD and the amino acid sequence set forth in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO:4) or FIG. 13 (SEQ ID NO:8); preferably a nucleic acid molecule, in particular a recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene, encoding the 91 kD receptor recognition factor has a nucleotide sequence or is complementary to a DNA seqnece shown in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO:3) or FIG. 13 (SEQ ID NO:8). In yet a further embodiment, the receptor recognition factor has a molecular weight of about 84 kD and the amino acid sequence set forth in FIG. 3 (SEQ ID NO:6); preferably a nucleic acid molecule, in particular a recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene, encoding the 84 kD receptor recognition factor has a nucleotide sequence or is complementary to a DNA seqnece shown in FIG. 3 (SEQ ID NO:5). In yet another embodiment, the receptor recognition factor has an amino acid sequence set forth in FIG. 14 (SEQ ID NO:10); preferably a nucleic acid molecule, in particular a recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene, encoding such receptor recognition factor has a nucleotide sequence or is complementary to a DNA seqnece shown in FIG. 14 (SEQ ID NO:9). In still another embodiment, the receptor recognition factor has an amino acid sequence set forth in FIG. 15 (SEQ ID NO:12); preferably a nucleic acid molecule, in particular a recombinant DNA molecule or cloned gene, encoding such receptor recognition factor has a nucleotide sequence or is complementary to a DNA seqnece shown in FIG. 15 (SEQ ID NO:11).

The possibilities both diagnostic and therapeutic that are raised by the existence of the receptor recognition factor or factors, derive from the fact that the factors appear to participate in direct and causal protein-protein interaction between the receptor that is occupied by its ligand, and those factors that thereafter directly interface with the gene and effect transcription and accordingly gene activation. As suggested earlier and elaborated further on herein, the present invention contemplates pharmaceutical intervention in the cascade of reactions in which the receptor recognition factor is implicated, to modulate the activity initiated by the stimulus bound to the cellular receptor.

Thus, in instances where it is desired to reduce or inhibit the gene activity resulting from a particular stimulus or factor, an appropriate inhibitor of the receptor recognition factor could be introduced to block the interaction of the receptor recognition factor with those factors causally connected with gene activation. Correspondingly, instances where insufficient gene activation is taking place could be remedied by the introduction of additional quantities of the receptor recognition factor or its chemical or pharmaceutical cognates, analogs, fragments and the like.

As discussed earlier, the recognition factors or their binding partners or other ligands or agents exhibiting either mimicry or antagonism to the recognition factors or control over their production, may be prepared in pharmaceutical compositions, with a suitable carrier and at a strength effective for administration by various means to a patient experiencing an adverse medical condition associated specific transcriptional stimulation for the treatment thereof. A variety of administrative techniques may be utilized, among them parenteral techniques such as subcutaneous, intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, catheterizations and the like. Average quantities of the recognition factors or their subunits may vary and in particular should be based upon the recommendations and prescription of a qualified physician or veterinarian.

Also, antibodies including both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, and drugs that modulate the production or activity of the recognition factors and/or their subunits may possess certain diagnostic applications and may for example, be utilized for the purpose of detecting and/or measuring conditions such as viral infection or the like. For example, the recognition factor or its subunits may be used to produce both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to themselves in a variety of cellular media, by known techniques such as the hybridoma technique utilizing, for example, fused mouse spleen lymphocytes and myeloma cells. Likewise, small molecules that mimic or antagonize the activity(ies) of the receptor recognition factors of the invention may be discovered or synthesized, and may be used in diagnostic and/or therapeutic protocols.

The general methodology for making monoclonal antibodies by hybridomas is well known. Immortal, antibody-producing cell lines can also be created by techniques other than fusion, such as direct transformation of B lymphocytes with oncogenic DNA, or transfection with Epstein-Barr virus. See, e.g., M. Schreier et al., “Hybridoma Techniques” (1980); Hammerling et al., “Monoclonal Antibodies And T-cell Hybridomas” (1981); Kennett et al., “Monoclonal Antibodies” (1980); see also U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,341,761; 4,399,121; 4,427,783; 4,444,887; 4,451,570; 4,466,917; 4,472,500; 4,491,632; 4,493,890.

Panels of monoclonal antibodies produced against recognition factor peptides can be screened for various properties; i.e., isotype, epitope, affinity, etc. Of particular interest are monoclonal antibodies that neutralize the activity of the recognition factor or its subunits. Such monoclonals can be readily identified in recognition factor activity assays. High affinity antibodies are also useful when immunoaffinity purification of native or recombinant recognition factor is possible.

Preferably, the anti-recognition factor antibody used in the diagnostic methods of this invention is an affinity purified polyclonal antibody. More preferably, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody (mAb). In addition, it is preferable for the anti-recognition factor antibody molecules used herein be in the form of Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)₂ or F(v) portions of whole antibody molecules.

As suggested earlier, the diagnostic method of the present invention comprises examining a cellular sample or medium by means of an assay including an effective amount of an antagonist to a receptor recognition factor/protein, such as an anti-recognition factor antibody, preferably an affinity-purified polyclonal antibody, and more preferably a mAb. In addition, it is preferable for the anti-recognition factor antibody molecules used herein be in the form of Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)₂ or F(v) portions or whole antibody molecules. As previously discussed, patients capable of benefiting from this method include those suffering from cancer, a pre-cancerous lesion, a viral infection or other like pathological derangement. Methods for isolating the recognition factor and inducing anti-recognition factor antibodies and for determining and optimizing the ability of anti-recognition factor antibodies to assist in the examination of the target cells are all well-known in the art.

Methods for producing polyclonal anti-polypeptide antibodies are well-known in the art. See U.S. Pat. No. 4,493,795 to Nestor et al. A monoclonal antibody, typically containing Fab and/or F(ab′)₂ portions of useful antibody molecules, can be prepared using the hybridoma technology described in Antibodies—A Laboratory Manual, Harlow and Lane, eds., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York (1988), which is incorporated herein by reference. Briefly, to form the hybridoma from which the monoclonal antibody composition is produced, a myeloma or other self-perpetuating cell line is fused with lymphocytes obtained from the spleen of a mammal hyperimmunized with a recognition factor-binding portion thereof, or recognition factor, or an origin-specific DNA-binding portion thereof.

Splenocytes are typically fused with myeloma cells using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. Fused hybrids are selected by their sensitivity to HAT. Hybridomas producing a monoclonal antibody useful in practicing this invention are identified by their ability to immunoreact with the present recognition factor and their ability to inhibit specified transcriptional activity in target cells.

A monoclonal antibody useful in practicing the present invention can be produced by initiating a monoclonal hybridoma culture comprising a nutrient medium containing a hybridoma that secretes antibody molecules of the appropriate antigen specificity. The culture is maintained under conditions and for a time period sufficient for the hybridoma to secrete the antibody molecules into the medium. The antibody-containing medium is then collected. The antibody molecules can then be further isolated by well-known techniques.

Media useful for the preparation of these compositions are both well-known in the art and commercially available and include synthetic culture media, inbred mice and the like. An exemplary synthetic medium is Dulbecco's minimal essential medium (DMEM; Dulbecco et al., Virol. 8:396 (1959)) supplemented with 4.5 gm/1 glucose, 20 mm glutamine, and 20% fetal calf serum. An exemplary inbred mouse strain is the Balb/c.

Methods for producing monoclonal anti-recognition factor antibodies are also well-known in the art. See Niman et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80:4949-4953 (1983). Typically, the present recognition factor or a peptide analog is used either alone or conjugated to an immunogenic carrier, as the immunogen in the before described procedure for producing anti-recognition factor monoclonal antibodies. The hybridomas are screened for the ability to produce an antibody that immunoreacts with the recognition factor peptide analog and the present recognition factor.

The present invention further contemplates therapeutic compositions useful in practicing the therapeutic methods of this invention. A subject therapeutic composition includes, in admixture, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient (carrier) and one or more of a receptor recognition factor, polypeptide analog thereof or fragment thereof, as described herein as an active ingredient. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises an antigen capable of modulating the specific binding of the present recognition factor within a target cell.

The preparation of therapeutic compositions which contain polypeptides, analogs or active fragments as active ingredients is well understood in the art. Typically, such compositions are prepared as injectables, either as liquid solutions or suspensions, however, solid forms suitable for solution in, or suspension in, liquid prior to injection can also be prepared. The preparation can also be emulsified. The active therapeutic ingredient is often mixed with excipients which are pharmaceutically acceptable and compatible with the active ingredient. Suitable excipients are, for example, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol, or the like and combinations thereof. In addition, if desired, the composition can contain minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents which enhance the effectiveness of the active ingredient.

A polypeptide, analog or active fragment can be formulated into the therapeutic composition as neutralized pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the acid addition salts (formed with the free amino groups of the polypeptide or antibody molecule) and which are formed with inorganic acids such as, for example, hydrochloric or phosphoric acids, or such organic acids as acetic, oxalic, tartaric, mandelic, and the like. Salts formed from the free carboxyl groups can also be derived from inorganic bases such as, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, or ferric hydroxides, and such organic bases as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine, and the like.

The therapeutic polypeptide-, analog- or active fragment-containing compositions are conventionally administered intravenously, as by injection of a unit dose, for example. The term “unit dose” when used in reference to a therapeutic composition of the present invention refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosage for humans, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required diluent; i.e., carrier, or vehicle.

The compositions are administered in a manner compatible with the dosage formulation, and in a therapeutically effective amount. The quantity to be administered depends on the subject to be treated, capacity of the subject's immune system to utilize the active ingredient, and degree of inhibition or neutralization of recognition factor binding capacity desired. Precise amounts of active ingredient required to be administered depend on the judgment of the practitioner and are peculiar to each individual. However, suitable dosages may range from about 0.1 to 20, preferably about 0.5 to about 10, and more preferably one to several, milligrams of active ingredient per kilogram body weight of individual per day and depend on the route of administration. Suitable regimes for initial administration and booster shots are also variable, but are typified by an initial administration followed by repeated doses at one or more hour intervals by a subsequent injection or other administration. Alternatively, continuous intravenous infusion sufficient to maintain concentrations of ten nanomolar to ten micromolar in the blood are contemplated.

The therapeutic compositions may further include an effective amount of the factor/factor synthesis promoter antagonist or analog thereof, and one or more of the following active ingredients: an antibiotic, a steroid. Exemplary formulations are given below:

Formulations Ingredient mg/ml Intravenous Formulation I cefotaxime 250.0 receptor recognition factor 10.0 dextrose USP 45.0 sodium bisulfite USP 3.2 edetate disodium USP 0.1 water for injection q.s.a.d. 1.0 ml Intravenous Formulation II ampicillin 250.0 receptor recognition factor 10.0 sodium bisulfite USP 3.2 disodium edetate USP 0.1 water for injection q.s.a.d. 1.0 ml Intravenous Formulation III gentamicin (charged as sulfate) 40.0 receptor recognition factor 10.0 sodium bisulfite USP 3.2 disodium edetate USP 0.1 water for injection q.s.a.d. 1.0 ml Intravenous Formulation IV recognition factor 10.0 dextrose USP 45.0 sodium bisulfite USP 3.2 edetate disodium USP 0.1 water for injecfion q.s.a.d. 1.0 ml Intravenous Formulation V recognition factor antagonist 5.0 sodium bisulfite USP 3.2 disodium edetate USP 0.1 water for injection q.s.a.d. 1.0 ml

As used herein, “pg” means picogram, “ng” means nanogram, “ug” or “μg” mean microgram, “mg” means milligram, “ul” or “μl ” mean microliter, “ml” means milliliter, “l ” means liter.

Another feature of this invention is the expression of the DNA sequences disclosed herein. As is well known in the art, DNA sequences may be expressed by operatively linking them to an expression control sequence in an appropriate expression vector and employing that expression vector to transform an appropriate unicellular host.

Such operative linking of a DNA sequence of this invention to an expression control sequence, of course, includes, if not already part of the DNA sequence, the provision of an initiation codon, ATG, in the correct reading frame upstream of the DNA sequence.

A wide variety of host/expression vector combinations may be employed in expressing the DNA sequences of this invention. Useful expression vectors, for example, may consist of segments of chromosomal, non-chromosomal and Synthetic DNA sequences. Suitable vectors include derivatives of SV40 and known bacterial plasmids, e.g., E. coli plasmids col E1, pCR1, pBR322, pMB9 and their derivatives, plasmids such as RP4; phage DNAS, e.g., the numerous derivatives of phage λ, e.g., NM989, and other phage DNA, e.g., M13 and Filamentous single stranded phage DNA; yeast plasmids such as the 2μ plasmid or derivatives thereof; vectors useful in eukaryotic cells, such as vectors useful in insect or mammalian cells; vectors derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNAS, such as plasmids that have been modified to employ phage DNA or other expression control sequences; and the like.

Any of a wide variety of expression control sequences—sequences that control the expression of a DNA sequence operatively linked to it—may be used in these vectors to express the DNA sequences of this invention. Such useful expression control sequences include, for example, the early or late promoters of SV40, CMV, vaccinia, polyoma or adenovirus, the lac system, the trp system, the TAC system, the TRC system, the LTR system, the major operator and promoter regions of phage λ, the control regions of fd coat protein, the promoter for 3-phosphoglycerate kinase or other glycolytic enzymes, the promoters of acid phosphatase (e.g., Pho5), the promoters of the yeast α-mating factors, and other sequences known to control the expression of genes of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells or their viruses, and various combinations thereof.

A wide variety of unicellular host cells are also useful in expressing the DNA sequences of this invention. These hosts may include well known eukaryotic and prokaryotic hosts, such as strains of E. coli, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, fungi such as yeasts, and animal cells, such as CHO, R1.1, B-W and L-M cells, African Green Monkey kidney cells (e.g., COS 1, COS 7, BSC1, BSC40, and BMT10), insect cells (e.g., Sf9), and human cells and plant cells in tissue culture.

It will be understood that not all vectors, expression control sequences and hosts will function equally well to express the DNA sequences of this invention. Neither will all hosts function equally well with the same expression system.

However, one skilled in the art will be able to select the proper vectors, expression control sequences, and hosts without undue experimentation to accomplish the desired expression without departing from the scope of this invention. For example, in selecting a vector, the host must be considered because the vector must function in it. The vector's copy number, the ability to control that copy number, and the expression of any other proteins encoded by the vector, such as antibiotic markers, will also be considered.

In selecting an expression control sequence, a variety of factors will normally be considered. These include, for example, the relative strength of the system, its controllability, and its compatibility with the particular DNA sequence or gene to be expressed, particularly as regards potential secondary structures. Suitable unicellular hosts will be selected by consideration of, e.g., their compatibility with the chosen vector, their secretion characteristics, their ability to fold proteins correctly, and their fermentation requirements, as well as the toxicity to the host of the product encoded by the DNA sequences to be expressed, and the ease of purification of the expression products.

Considering these and other factors a person skilled in the art will be able to construct a variety of vector/expression control sequence/host combinations that will express the DNA sequences of this invention on fermentation or in large scale animal culture.

It is further intended that receptor recognition factor analogs may be prepared from nucleotide sequences of the protein complex/subunit derived within the scope of the present invention. Analogs, such as fragments, may be produced, for example, by pepsin digestion of receptor recognition factor material. Other analogs, such as muteins, can be produced by standard site-directed mutagenesis of receptor recognition factor coding sequences. Analogs exhibiting “receptor recognition factor activity” such as small molecules, whether functioning as promoters or inhibitors, may be identified by known in vivo and/or in vitro assays.

As mentioned above, a DNA sequence encoding receptor recognition factor can be prepared synthetically rather than cloned. The DNA sequence can be designed with the appropriate codons for the receptor recognition factor amino acid sequence. In general, one will select preferred codons for the intended host if the sequence will be used for expression. The complete sequence is assembled from overlapping oligonucleotides prepared by standard methods and assembled into a complete coding sequence. See, e.g., Edge, Nature, 292:756 (1981); Nambair et al., Science, 223:1299 (1984); Jay et al., J. Biol. Chem., 259:6311 (1984).

Synthetic DNA sequences allow convenient construction of genes which will express receptor recognition factor analogs or “muteins”. Alternatively, DNA encoding muteins can be made by site-directed mutagenesis of native receptor recognition factor genes or cDNAs, and muteins can be made directly using conventional polypeptide synthesis.

A general method for site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins is described in Christopher J. Noren, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Michael C. Griffith, Peter G. Schultz, Science, 244:182-188 (April 1989). This method may be used to create analogs with unnatural amino acids.

The present invention extends to the preparation of antisense nucleotides and ribozymes that may be used to interfere with the expression of the receptor recognition proteins at the translational level. This approach utilizes antisense nucleic acid and ribozymes to block translation of a specific mRNA, either by masking that mRNA with an antisense nucleic. acid or cleaving it with a ribozyme.

Antisense nucleic acids are DNA or RNA molecules that are complementary to at least a portion of a specific mRNA molecule. (See Weintraub, 1990; Marcus-Sekura, 1988.) In the cell, they hybridize to that mRNA, forming a double stranded molecule. The cell does not translate an mRNA in this double-stranded form. Therefore, antisense nucleic acids interfere with the expression of mRNA into protein. Oligomers of about fifteen nucleotides and molecules that hybridize to the AUG initiation codon will be particularly efficient, since they are easy to synthesize and are likely to pose fewer problems than larger molecules when introducing them into receptor recognition factor-producing cells. Antisense methods have been used to inhibit the expression of many genes in vitro (Marcus-Sekura, 1988; Hambor et al., 1988).

Ribozymes are RNA molecules possessing the ability to specifically cleave other single stranded RNA molecules in a manner somewhat an alogous to DNA restriction endonucleases. Ribozymes were discovered from the observation that certain mRNAs have the ability to excise their own introns. By modifying the nucleotide sequence of these RNAs, researchers have been able to engineer molecules that recognize specific nucleotide sequences in an RNA molecule and cleave it (Cech, 1988.). Because they are sequence-specific, only mRNAs with particular sequences are inactivated.

Investigators have identified two types of ribozymes, Tetrahymena-type and “hammerhead”-type. (Hasselhoff and Gerlach, 1988) Tetrahymena-type ribozymes recognize four-base sequences, while “hammerhead”-type recognize eleven- to eighteen-base sequences. The longer the recognition sequence the more likely it is to occur exclusively in the target mRNA species. Therefore, hammerhead-type ribozymes are preferable to Tetrahymena-type ribozymes for inactivating a specific mRNA species, and eighteen base recognition sequences are preferable to shorter recognition sequences.

The DNA sequences described herein may thus be used to prepare antisense molecules against, and ribozymes that cleave mRNAs for receptor recognition factor proteins and their ligands.

The present invention also relates to a variety of diagnostic applications, including methods for detecting the presence of stimuli such as the earlier referenced polypeptide ligands, by reference to their ability to elicit the activities which are mediated by the present receptor recognition factor. As mentioned earlier, the receptor recognition factor can be used to produce antibodies to itself by a variety of known techniques, and such antibodies could then be isolated and utilized as in tests for the presence of particular transcriptional activity in suspect target cells.

As described in detail above, antibody(ies) to the receptor recognition factor can be produced and isolated by standard methods including the well known hybridoma techniques. For convenience, the antibody(ies) to the receptor recognition factor will be referred to herein as Ab₁ and antibody(ies) raised in another species as Ab₂.

The presence of receptor recognition factor in cells can be ascertained by the usual immunological procedures applicable to such determinations. A number of useful procedures are known. Three such procedures which are especially useful utilize either the receptor recognition factor labeled with a detectable label, antibody Ab₁ labeled with a detectable label, or antibody Ab₂ labeled with a detectable label. The procedures may be summarized by the following equations wherein the asterisk indicates that the particle is labeled, and “RRF” stands for the receptor recognition factor:

RRF*+Ab ₁ =RRF*Ab ₁  A.

RRF+Ab*=RRFAb ₁*  B.

RRF+Ab ₁ +Ab ₂ *=RRFAb ₁ Ab ₂*  C.

The procedures and their application are all familiar to those skilled in the art and accordingly may be utilized within the scope of the present invention. The “competitive” procedure, Procedure A, is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,654,090 and 3,850,752. Procedure C, the “sandwich” procedure, is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. RE 31,006 and 4,016,043. Still other procedures are known such as the “double antibody”, or “DASP” procedure.

In each instance, the receptor recognition factor forms complexes with one or more antibody(ies) or binding partners and one member of the complex is labeled with a detectable label. The fact that a complex has formed and, if desired, the amount thereof, can be determined by known methods applicable to the detection of labels.

It will be seen from the above, that a characteristic property of Ab₂ is that it will react with Ab₁. This is because Ab₁ raised in one mammalian species has been used in another species as an antigen to raise the antibody Ab₂. For example, Ab₂ may be raised in goats using rabbit antibodies as antigens. Ab₂ therefore would be anti-rabbit antibody raised in goats. For purposes of this description and claims, Ab₁ will be referred to as a primary or anti-receptor recognition factor antibody, and Ab₂ will be referred to as a secondary or anti-Ab₁ antibody.

The labels most commonly employed for these studies are radioactive elements, enzymes, chemicals which fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light, and others.

A number of fluorescent materials are known and can be utilized as labels. These include, for example, fluorescein, rhodamine and auramine. A particular detecting material is anti-rabbit antibody prepared in goats and conjugated with fluorescein through an isothiocyanate.

The receptor recognition factor or its binding partner(s) can also be labeled with a radioactive element or with an enzyme. The radioactive label can be detected by any of the currently available counting procedures. The preferred isotope may be selected from ³H, ¹⁴C, ³²P, ³⁵S, ³⁶Cl, ⁵¹Cr, ⁵⁷Co, ⁵⁸Co, ⁵⁹Fe, ⁹⁰Y, ¹²⁵I, ¹³¹I, and ¹⁸⁶Re.

Enzyme labels are likewise useful, and can be detected by any of the presently utilized colorimetric, spectrophotometric, fluorospectrophotometric, amperometric or gasometric techniques. The enzyme is conjugated to the selected particle by reaction with bridging molecules such as carbodiimides, diisocyanates, glutaraldehyde and the like. Many enzymes which can be used in these procedures are known and can be utilized. The preferred are peroxidase, β-glucuronidase, β-D-glucosidase, β-D-galactosidase, urease, glucose oxidase plus peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,654,090; 3,850,752; and 4,016,043 are referred to by way of example for their disclosure of alternate labeling material and methods.

A particular assay system developed and utilized in accordance with the present invention, is known as a receptor assay. In a receptor assay, the material to be assayed is appropriately labeled and then certain cellular test colonies are inoculated with a quantity of both the labeled and unlabeled material after which binding studies are conducted to determine the extent to which the labeled material binds to the cell receptors. In this way, differences in affinity between materials can be ascertained.

Accordingly, a purified quantity of the receptor recognition factor may be radiolabeled and combined, for example, with antibodies or other inhibitors thereto, after which binding studies would be carried out. Solutions would then be prepared that contain various quantities of labeled and unlabeled uncombined receptor recognition factor, and cell samples would then be inoculated and thereafter incubated. The resulting cell monolayers are then washed, solubilized and then counted in a gamma counter for a length of time sufficient to yield a standard error of <5%. These data are then subjected to Scatchard analysis after which observations and conclusions regarding material activity can be drawn. While the foregoing is exemplary, it illustrates the manner in which a receptor assay may be performed and utilized, in the instance where the cellular binding ability of the assayed material may serve as a distinguishing characteristic.

An assay useful and contemplated in accordance with the present invention is known as a “cis/trans” assay. Briefly, this assay employs two genetic constructs, one of which is typically a plasmid that continually expresses a particular receptor of interest when transfected into an appropriate cell line, and the second of which is a plasmid that expresses a reporter such as luciferase, under the control of a receptor/ligand complex. Thus, for example, if it is desired to evaluate a compound as a ligand for a particular receptor, one of the plasmids would be a construct that results in expression of the receptor in the chosen cell line, while the second plasmid would possess a promoter linked to the luciferase gene in which the response element to the particular receptor is inserted. If the compound under test is an agonist for the receptor, the ligand will complex with the receptor, and the resulting complex will bind the response element and initiate transcription of the luciferase gene. The resulting chemiluminescence is then measured photometrically, and dose response curves are obtained and compared to those of known ligands. The foregoing protocol is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,981,784 and PCT International Publication No. WO 88/03168, for which purpose the artisan is referred.

In a further embodiment of this invention, commercial test kits suitable for use by a medical specialist may be prepared to determine the presence or absence of predetermined transcriptional activity or predetermined transcriptional activity capability in suspected target cells. In accordance with the testing techniques discussed above, one class of such kits will contain at least the labeled receptor recognition factor or its binding partner, for instance an antibody specific thereto, and directions, of course, depending upon the method selected, e.g., “competitive”, “sandwich”, “DASP” and the like. The kits may also contain peripheral reagents such as buffers, stabilizers, etc.

Accordingly, a test kit may be prepared for the demonstration of the presence or capability of cells for predetermined transcriptional activity, comprising:

(a) a predetermined amount of at least one labeled immunochemically reactive component obtained by the direct or indirect attachment of the present receptor recognition factor or a specific binding partner thereto, to a detectable label;

(b) other reagents; and

(c) directions for use of said kit.

More specifically, the diagnostic test kit may comprise:

(a) a known amount of the receptor recognition factor as described above (or a binding partner) generally bound to a solid phase to form an immunosorbent, or in the alternative, bound to a suitable tag, or plural such end products, etc. (or their binding partners) one of each;

(b) if necessary, other reagents; and

(c) directions for use of said test kit.

In a further variation, the test kit may be prepared and used for the purposes stated above, which operates according to a predetermined protocol (e.g. “competitive”, “sandwich”, “double antibody”, etc.), and comprises:

(a) a labeled component which has been obtained by coupling the receptor recognition factor to a detectable label;

(b) one or more additional immunochemical reagents of which at least one reagent is a ligand or an immobilized ligand, which ligand is selected from the group consisting of:

(i) a ligand capable of binding with the labeled component (a);

(ii) a ligand capable of binding with a binding partner of the labeled component (a);

(iii) a ligand capable of binding with at least one of the component(s) to be determined; and

(iv) a ligand capable of binding with at least one of the binding partners of at least one of the component(s) to be determined; and

(c) directions for the performance of a protocol for the detection and/or determination of one or more components of an immunochemical reaction between the receptor recognition factor and a specific binding partner thereto.

In accordance with the above, an assay system for screening potential drugs effective to modulate the activity of the receptor recognition factor may be prepared. The receptor recognition factor may be introduced into a test system, and the prospective drug may also be introduced into the resulting cell culture, and the culture thereafter examined to observe any changes in the transcriptional activity of the cells, due either to the addition of the prospective drug alone, or due to the effect of added quantities of the known receptor recognition factor.

PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS

As mentioned earlier, the observation and conclusion underlying the present invention were crystallized from a consideration of the results of certain investigations with particular stimuli. Particularly, the present disclosure is illustrated by the results of work on protein factors that govern transcriptional control of IFNα-stimulated genes, as well as more recent data on the regulation of transcription of genes stimulated by IFNγ. The following is a brief discussion of the role that IFN is believed to play in the stimulation of transcription taken from Darnell et al. THE NEW BIOLOGIST, 2(10), (1990).

Activation of genes by IFNα occurs within minutes of exposure of cells to this factor (Larner et al., 1984, 1986) and is strictly dependent on the IFNα binding to its receptor, a 49-kD plasma membrane polypeptide (Uze et al., 1990). However, changes in intracellular second messenger concentrations secondary to the use of phorbol esters, calcium ionophores, or cyclic nucleotide analogs neither triggers nor blocks IFNα-dependent gene activation (Larner et al., 1984; Lew et al., 1989). No other polypeptide, even IFNγ, induces the set of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) specifically induced by IFNα. In addition, it has been found that IFNγ-dependent transcriptional stimulation of at least one gene in HeLa cells and in fibroblasts is also strictly dependent on receptor-ligand interaction and is not activated by induced changes in second messengers (Decker et al., 1989; Lew et al., 1989). These highly specific receptor-ligand interactions, as well as the precise transcriptional response, require the intracellular recognition of receptor occupation and the communication to the nucleus to be equally specific.

The activation of ISGs by IFNα is carried out by transcriptional factor ISGF-3, or interferon stimulated gene factor 3. This factor is activated promptly after IFNα treatment without protein synthesis, as is transcription itself (Larner et al., 1986; Levy et al., 1988; Levy et al., 1989). ISGF-3 binds to the ISRE, the interferon-stimulated response element, in DNA of the response genes (Reich et al., 1987; Levy et al., 1988), and this binding is affected by all of an extensive set of mutations that also affects the transcriptional function of the ISRE (Kessler et al., 1988a). Partially purified ISGF-3 containing no other DNA-binding components can stimulate ISRE-dependent in vitro transcription (Fu et al., 1990). IFN-dependent stimulation of ISGs occurs in a cycle, reaching a peak of 2 hours and declining promptly thereafter (Larner et al., 1986). ISGF-3 follows the same cycle (Levy et al., 1988, 1989). Finally, the presence or absence or ISGF3 in a variety of IFN-sensitive and IFN-resistant cells correlates with the transcription of ISGs in these cells (Kessler et al., 1988b).

ISGF-3 is composed of two subfractions, ISGF-3α and ISGF-3γ, that are found in the cytoplasm before IFN binds to its receptor (Levy et al., 1989). When cells are treated with IFNα, ISGF-3 can be detected in the cytoplasm within a minute, that is, some 3 to 4 minutes before any ISGF-3 is found in the nucleus (Levy et al., 1989). The cytoplasmic component ISGF-3γ can be increased in HeLa cells by pretreatment with IFNγ, but IFNγ does not by itself activate transcription of ISGs nor raise the concentration of the complete factor, ISGF-3 (Levy et al., 1990). The cytoplasmic localization of the proteins that interact to constitute ISGF-3 was proved by two kinds of experiments. When cytoplasm of IFNγ-treated cells that lack ISGF-3 was mixed with cytoplasm of IFNα-treated cells, large amounts of ISGF-3 were formed (Levy et al., 1989). (It was this experiment that indicated the existence of an ISGF-3γ component and an ISGF-3α component of ISGF-3).

In addition, Dale et al. (1989) showed that enucleated cells could respond to IFNα by forming a DNA-binding protein that is probably the same as ISGF-3.

The ISGF-3γ component is a 48-kD protein that specifically recognizes the ISRE (Kessler et al., 1990; Fu et al., 1990). Three other proteins, presumably constituting the ISGF-3α component, were found in an ISGF-3 DNA complex (Fu et al., 1990). The entirety of roles of, or the relationships among these three proteins are not yet known, but it is clear that ISGF-3 is a multimeric protein complex. Since the binding of IFNα to the cell surface converts ISGF-3α from an inactive to an active status within a minute, at least one of the proteins constituting ISGF-3α must be affected promptly, perhaps by a direct interaction with the IFNα receptor.

The details of how the ISGF-3γ component and the three other proteins are activated by cytoplasmic events and then enter the nucleus to bind the ISRE and increase transcription are not entirely known. Further studies of the individual proteins, for example, with antibodies, are presented herein. For example, it is clear that, within 10 minutes of IFNα treatment, there is more ISGF-3 in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm and that the complete factor has a much higher affinity for the ISRE than the 48-kD ISGF-3γ component by itself (Kessler et al., 1990).

In summary, the attachment of interferon-α (IFN-α) to its specific cell surface receptor activates the transcription of a limited set of genes, termed ISGs for “interferon stimulated genes” [Larner et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 81 (1984); Larner et al., J. BIOL. CHEM., 261 (1986); Friedman et al., CELL, 38 (1984)]). The observation that agents that affect second messenger levels do not activate transcription of these genes, led to the proposal that protein:protein interactions in the cytoplasm beginning at the IFN receptor might act directly in transmitting to the nucleus the signal generated by receptor occupation [Levy et al., NEW BIOLOGIST, 2 (1991)].

To test this hypothesis, the present applicants began experiments in the nucleus at the activated genes. Initially, the ISRE and ISGF-3 were discovered [Levy et al., GENES & DEV., 2 (1988)].

Partial purification of ISGF-3 followed by recovery of the purified proteins from a specific DNA-protein complex revealed that the complete complex was made up of four proteins [Fu et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 87 (1990); Kessler et al., GENES & DEV., 4 (1990)]. A 48 kD protein termed ISGF-3γ, because pre-treatment of HeLa cells with IFN-γ increased its presence, binds DNA weakly on its own [Ibid.; and Levy et al., THE EMBO. J., 9 (1990)]. In combination with the IFN-α activated proteins, termed collectively the ISGF-3α proteins, the ISGF-3γ forms a complex that binds the ISRE with a 50-fold higher affinity [Kessler et al., GENES & DEV., 4 (1990)]. The ISGF-3α proteins comprise a set of polypeptides of 113, 91 and 84 kD. All of the ISGF-3 components initially reside in the cell cytoplasm [Levy et al., GENES & DEV., 3 (1989); Dale et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 86 (1989)]. However after only about five minutes of IFN-α treatment the active complex is found in the cell nucleus, thus confirming these proteins as a possible specific link from an occupied receptor to a limited set of genes [Levy et al., GENES & DEV., 3 (1989)].

In accordance with the present invention, specific proteins comprising receptor recognition factors have been isolated and sequenced. These proteins, their fragments, antibodies and other constructs and uses thereof, are contemplated and presented herein. To understand the mechanism of cytoplasmic activation of the ISGF-3α proteins as well as their transport to the nucleus and interaction with ISGF-3γ, this factor has been purified in sufficient quantity to obtain peptide sequence from each protein. Degenerate deoxyoligonucleotides that would encode the peptides were constructed and used in a combination of cDNA library screening and PCR amplification of cDNA products copied from mRNA to identify cDNA clones encoding each of the four proteins. What follows in the examples presented herein a description of the final protein preparations that allowed the cloning of cDNAs encoding all the proteins, and the primary sequence of the 113 kD protein arising from a first gene, and the primary sequences of the 91 and 84 kD proteins which appear to arise from two differently processed RNA products from another gene. Antisera against portions of the 84 and 91 kD proteins have also been prepared and bind specifically to the ISGF-3 DNA binding factor (detected by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay with cell extracts) indicating that these cloned proteins are indeed part of ISGF-3. The availability of the cDNA and the proteins they encode provides the necessary material to understand how the liganded IFN-α receptor causes immediate cytoplasmic activation of the ISGF-3 protein complex, as well as to understand the mechanisms of action of the receptor recognition factors contemplated herein. The cloning of each of ISGF3-α proteins, and the evaluation and confirmation of the particular role played by the 91 kD protein as a messenger and DNA binding protein in response to IFN-γ activation, including the development and testing of antibodies to the receptor recognition factors of the present invention, are all presented in the examples that follow below.

EXAMPLE 1

To purify relatively large amounts of ISGF-3, HeLa cell nuclear extracts were prepared from cells treated overnight (16-18 h) with 0.5 ng/ml of IFN-γ and 45 min. with IFN-α (500 u/ml). The steps used in the large scale purification were modified slightly from those described earlier in the identification of the four ISGF-3 proteins.

Accordingly, nuclear extracts were made from superinduced HeLa cells [Levy et al., THE EMBO. J., 9 (1990)] and chromatographed as previously described [Fu et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 87 (1990)] on: phosphocellulose P-11, heparin agarose (Sigma); DNA cellulose (Boehringer Mannheim; flow through was collected after the material was adjusted to 0.28M KCl and 0.5% NP-40); two successive rounds of ISRE oligo affinity column (1.8 ml column, eluted with a linear gradient of 0.05 to 1.0M KCl); a point mutant ISRE oligonucleotide affinity column (flow through was collected after the material was adjusted to 0.28M KCl); and a final round on the ISRE oligonucleotide column (material was eluted in a linear 0.05 to 1.0M NaCl gradient adjusted to 0.05% NP-40). Column fractions containing ISGF-3 were subsequently examined for purity by SDS PAGE/silver staining and pooled appropriately. The pooled fractions were concentrated by a centricon-10 (Amicon). The pools of fractions from preparations 1 and 2 were combined and run on a 10 cm wide, 1.5 mm thick 7.5% SDS polyacrylamide gel. The proteins were electroblotted to nitrocellulose for 12 hrs at 20 volts in 12.5% MeOH, 25 mM Tris, 190 mM glycine. The membrane was stained with 0.1% Ponceau Red (in 1% acetic acid) and the bands of 113 kD, 91 kD, 84 kD, and 48 kD excised and subjected to peptide analysis after tryptic digestion [Wedrychowski et al., J. BIOL. CHEM., 265 (1990); Aebersold et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 84 (1987)]. The resulting peptide sequences for the 91 kD and 84 kD proteins are indicated in FIG. 6. Degenerate oligonucleotides were designed based on the peptide sequences t19, t13b and t27: (Forward and Reverse complements are denoted by F and R:

19F AACGTIGACCAATTNAACATG (SEQ ID NO:14)   T     T  GC    T    T l3bR GTCGATGTTNGGGTANAG (SEQ ID NO:15) A  A  A    A     A 27R GTACAAITCAACCAGNGCAA (SEQ ID NO:16)    T    TG  T    T

The final ISRE oligonucleotide affinity selection yielded material with the SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern shown in FIG. 4 (left). This gel represented about 1.5% of the available material purified from over 200 L of appropriately treated HeLa cells. While 113, 91, 84 and 48 kD bands were clearly prominent in the final purified preparation (see FIG. 4, right panel), there were also two prominent contaminants of about 118 and 70 kD and a few of other contaminants in lower amounts. [Amino acid sequence data have shown that the contaminants of 86 kD and 70 kD are the KU antigen, a widely-distributed protein that binds DNA termini. However in the specific ISGF-3: ISRE complex there is no KU antigen and therefore it has been assigned no role in IFN-dependent transcriptional stimulation, [Wedrychowski et al., J. BIOL. CHEM., 265 (1990)]].

Since the mobility of the 113, 91, 84, and 48 kD proteins could be accurately marked by comparison with the partially purified proteins characterized in previous experiments [Fu et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 87 (1990)], further purification was not attempted at this stage. The total purified sample from 200 L of HeLa cells was loaded onto one gel, subjected to electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose and stained with Ponceau red. The 113, 84, 91, and 48 kD protein bands were separately excised and subjected to peptide analysis as described [Aebersold et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 84 (1987)]. Released peptides were collected, separated by HPLC and analyzed for sequence content by automated Edman degradation analysis.

Accordingly, the use of the peptide sequence data for three of four peptides from the 91 kD protein and a single peptide derived from the 84 kD protein is described herein. The peptide sequence and the oligonucleotides constructed from them are given in the legend to FIG. 4 or 6. When oligonucleotides 19F and 13bR were used to prime synthesis from a HeLa cell cDNA library, a PCR product of 475 bp was generated. When this product was cloned and sequenced it encoded the 13a peptide internally. Oligonucleotide 27R derived from the only available 84 kD peptide sequence was used in an anchored PCR procedure amplifying a 405 bp segment of DNA. This 405 bp amplified sequence was identical to an already sequenced region of the 91 kD protein. It was then realized that the peptide t27 sequence was contained within peptide t19 and that the 91 and 84 kD proteins must be related (see FIGS. 5 & 7). Oligonucleotides 19F and 13a were also used to select candidate cDNA clones from a cDNA library made from mRNA prepared after 16 hr. of IFN-γ and 45 min. of IFN-α treatment.

Of the numerous cDNA clones that hybridized these oligonucleotides and also the cloned PCR products, one cDNA clone, E4, contained the largest open reading frame flanked by inframe stop codons. Sequence of peptides t19, t13a, and t13b were contained in this 2217 bp ORF (see FIG. 6) which was sufficient to encode a protein of 739 amino acids (calculated molecular weight of 86 kD). The codon for the indicated initial methionine was preceded by three in frame stop codons. This coding capacity has been confirmed by translating in vitro an RNA copy of the E4 clone yielding product of nominal size of 86 kD, somewhat shorter than the in vitro purified 91 kD protein discussed earlier (data not shown). Perhaps this result indicates post-translational modification of the protein in the cell.

A second class of clones was also identified (see FIG. 5). E3, the prototype of this class was identical to E4 from the 5′ end to bp 2286 (aa 701) at which point the sequences diverged completely. Both cDNAs terminated with a poly(A) tail. Primer extension analysis suggested another ˜150 bp were missing from the 5′ end of both mRNAs. DNA probes were made from the clones representing both common and unique sequences for use in Northern blot analyses. The preparation of the probes is as follows: 20 mg of cytoplasmic RNA (0.5% NP-40 lysate) of IFN-α treated (6 h) HeLa RNA was fractionated in a 1% agarose, 6% formaldehyde gel (in 20 mM MOPS, 5 mM NaAc, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.0) for 4.5 h at 125 volts. The RNA was transferred in 20×SSC to Hybond-N (Amersham), UV crosslinked and hybridized with 1×106 cpm/ml of the indicated probes (1.5×10⁸ cpm/mg).

Probes from regions common to E3 and E4 hybridized to two RNA species of approximately 3.1 KB and 4.4 KB. Several probes derived from the 3′ non-coding end of, E4, which were unique to E4, hybridized only the larger RNA species. A labeled DNA probe from the unique 3′ non-coding end of E3 hybridized only the smaller RNA species.

Review of the sequence at the site of 3′ discontinuity between E3 and E4 suggested that the shorter mRNA results from choice of a different poly(A) site and 3′ exon that begins at bp 2286 (the calculated molecular weight from the E3. The last two nucleotides before the change are GT followed by GT in E3 in line with the consensus nucleotides at an exon-intron junction. Since the ORF of E4 extends to bp 2401 it encodes a protein that is 38 amino acids longer than the one encoded by E3, but is otherwise identical (ORF is 82 kD).

Since there is no direct assay for the activity of the 91 or 84 kD protein, an independent method was needed to determine whether the cDNA clones we had isolated did indeed encode proteins that are part of ISGF-3. For this purpose antibodies were initially raised against the sequence from amino acid 597 to amino acid 703 (see FIG. 6) by expressing this peptide in the pGEX-3X vector (15) as a bacterial fusion protein. This antiserum (a42) specifically recognized the 91 kD and 84 kD proteins in both crude extracts and purified ISGF-3 (see FIG. 7a). More importantly this antiserum specifically affected the ISGF-3 band in a mobility shift assay using the labeled ISRE oligonucleotide (see FIG. 7b) confirming that the isolated 91 kD and 84 kD cDNA clones (E4 and E3) represent a component of ISGF-3. Additional antisera were raised against the amino terminus and carboxy terminus of the protein encoded by E4. The amino terminal 59 amino acids that are common to both proteins and the unique carboxy terminal 34 amino acids encoded only by the larger mRNA were expressed as fusion proteins in pGEX-3X for immunization of rabbits. Western blot analysis with highly purified ISGF-3 demonstrated that the amino terminal antibody (a55) recognized both the 91 kD and 84 kD proteins as expected. However, the other antibody (a57) recognized only the 91 kD protein confirming our assumption that the larger mRNA (4.4 KB) and larger cDNA encodes the 91 kD protein while the shorter mRNA (3.1 KB) and cDNA encodes the 84 kD protein (see FIG. 7a).

EXAMPLE 2

In this example, the cloning of the 113 kD protein that comprises one of the three ISGF-3α components is disclosed.

From SDS gels of highly purified ISGF-3, the 113 kD band was identified, excised and subjected to cleavage and peptide sequence analysis [Aebersold et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 87 (1987)]. Five peptide sequences (A-E) were obtained (FIG. 8A). Degenerate oligonucleotide probes were designed according to these peptides which then were radiolabeled to search a human cDNA library for clones that might encode the 113 kD protein. Eighteen positive cDNA clones were recovered from 2.5×10⁵ phage plaques with the probe derived from peptide E (FIG. 8A, and the legend). Two of them were completely sequenced. Clone f11 contained a 3.2 KB cDNA, and clone ka31 a 2.6 KB cDNA that overlapped about 2 KB but which had a further extended 5′ end in which a candidate AUG initiation codon was found associated with a well-conserved Kozak sequence [Kozak, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES., 12 (1984)].

In addition to the phage cDNA clones, a PCR product made between oligonucleotides that encoded peptide D and E also yielded a 474 NT fragment that when sequenced was identical with the cDNA clone in this region. A combination of these clones f11 and ka31 revealed an open reading frame capable of encoding a polypeptide of 851 amino acids (FIG. 8A). These two clones were joined within their overlapping region and RNA transcribed from this recombinant clone was translated in vitro yielding a polypeptide that migrated in an SDS gel with a nominal molecular weight of 105 kD (FIG. 9A). An appropriate clone encoding the 91 kD protein was also transcribed and the RNA translated in the same experiment. Since both the apparently complete cDNA clones for the 113 kD protein and the 91 kD protein produce RNAs that when translated into proteins migrate somewhat faster than the proteins purified as ISGF-3 components, it is possible that the proteins undergo post-translational modification in the cell causing them to be slightly retarded during electrophoresis. When a 660 bp cDNA encoding the most 3′ end of the 113 kD protein was used in a Northern analysis, a single 4.8 KB mRNA species was observed (FIG. 9B).

No independent assay is known for the activity of the 113 kD (or indeed any of the ISGF-3α proteins,) but it is known that the protein is part of a DNA binding complex that can be detected by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay [Fu et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 87 (1990)]. Antibodies to DNA binding proteins are known to affect the formation or migration of such complexes. Therefore antiserum to a polypeptide segment (amino acid residues 323 to 527) fused with bacterial glutathione synthetase [Smith et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 83 (1986)] was raised in rabbits to determine the reactivity of the ISGF-3 proteins with the antibody. A Western blot analysis showed that the antiserum reacted predominantly with a 113 kD protein both in the ISGF3 fraction purified by specific DNA affinity chromatography (Lane 1) and in crude cell extract (Lane 2, FIG. 10A). The weak reactivity to lower protein bands was possibly due to 113 kD protein degradation. Most importantly, the antiserum specifically removed almost all of the gel-shift complex leaving some of the oligonucleotide probe in “shifted-shift” complexes which were specifically competed away with a 50 fold molar excess of the oligonucleotide binding site (the ISRE, ref. 2) for ISGF3 (FIG. 10B). Notably, this antiserum had no effect on the faster migrating shift band produced by ISGF3-γ component alone (FIG. 10B). Thus it appeared that the antiserum to the 113 kD fusion product does indeed react with another protein that is part of the complete ISGF-3 complex.

A detailed sequence comparison between the 113 and 91 sequences followed (FIG. 8B): while the nucleotide sequence showed only a distant relationship between the two proteins, there were long stretches of amino acid identity. These conserved regions were scattered throughout almost the entire 715 amino acid length encoded by the 91/84 clone. It was particularly striking that the regions corresponding to amino acids 1 to 48 and 317 to 353 and 654 to 678 in the 113 sequence were 60% to 70% identical to corresponding regions of the 91 kD sequence. Thus the genes encoding the 113 and 84/91 proteins are closely related but not identical.

Through examination for possible consensus sequences that might reveal sub-domain structures in the 113 kD or 84/91 kD sequence, it was found that both proteins contained regions whose sequence might form a coil structure with heptad leucine repeats. This occurred between amino acid 210 and 245 in the 113 kD protein and between 209 and 237 in the 84/91 protein. In both the 113 kD and the 91/84 kD sequences, 4 out of 5 possible heptad repeats were leucine and one was valine. Domains of this type might provide a protein surface that encourages homo-or heterotypic protein interactions which have been observed in several other transcription factors [Vinson et al., SCIENCE, 246 (1989)]. An extended acidic domain was located at the carboxyl terminal of the 113 kD protein but not in 91 kD protein (FIG. 8A), possibly implicating the 113 kD protein in gene activation [Hope et al., Ma et al., CELL, 48 (1987)].

Discussion

When compared at moderate or high stringency to the Genbank and EMBL data bases, there were no sequences like 113 or the 84/91 sequence. Preliminary PCR experiments however indicate that there are other family members with different sequences recoverable from a human cell cDNA library (Qureshi and Darnell unpublished). Thus, it appears that the 113 and 84/91 sequences may represent the first two members to be cloned of a larger family of proteins. We would hypothesize that the 113 kD and 84/91 kD proteins may act as signal transducers, somehow interacting with the internal domain of a liganded IFNα receptor or its associated protein and further that a family of waiting cytoplasmic proteins exist whose purpose is to be specific signal transducers when different receptors are occupied. Many experiments lie ahead before this general hypothesis can be crucially tested. Recent experiments have indicated that inhibitors of protein kinases can prevent ISGF-3 complex formulation [Reich et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 87 (1990); Kessler et al., J. BIOL. CHEM., 266 (1991)].

However, neither the IFNα or IFNγ receptors that have so far been cloned have intrinsic kinase activity [Uze et al., CELL, 60 (1990); Aguet et al., CELL, 55 (1988)]. We would speculate that either a second receptor chain with kinase activity or a separate kinase bound to a liganded receptor could be a part of a complex that would convey signals to the ISGF-3α proteins at the inner surface of the plasma membrane.

From the above, it has been concluded that accurate peptide sequence from ISGF-3 protein components have been determined, leading to correct identification of cDNA clones encoding the 113, 91 and 84 kD components of ISGF-3 . Since staurosporine, a broadly effective kinase inhibitor blocks IFN-α induction of transcription and of ISGF-3 formation [Reich et al., PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, 87 (1990); Kessler et al., J. BIOL. CHEM., 266 (1991)] it seems possible that the ISGF-3α proteins are direct cytoplasmic substrates of a liganded receptor-associated kinase. The antiserum against these proteins should prove invaluable in identifying the state of the ISGF-3α proteins before and after IFN treatment and will allow the direct exploration of the biochemistry of signal transduction from the IFN receptor.

EXAMPLE 3

As mentioned earlier, the observation and conclusion underlying the present invention were crystallized from a consideration of the results of certain investigations with particular stimuli. Particularly, the present disclosure is illustrated by the results of work on protein factors that govern transcriptional control of IFNα-stimulated genes, as well as more recent data on the regulation of transcription of genes stimulated by IFNγ.

For example, there is evidence that the 91 kD protein is the tyrosine kinase target when IFNγ is the ligand. Thus two different ligands acting through two different receptors both use these family members. With only a modest number of family members and combinatorial use in response to different ligands, this family of proteins becomes an even more likely possibility to represent a general link between ligand-occupied receptors and transcriptional control of specific genes in the nucleus.

Further study of the 113, 91 and 84 kD proteins of the present invention has revealed that they are phosphorylated in response to treatment of cells with IFNα (FIG. 11). Moreover, when the phosphoamino acid is determined in the newly phosphorylated protein the amino acid has been found to be tyrosine (FIG. 12). This phosphorylation has been observed to disappear after several hours, indicating action of a phosphatase of the 113, 91 and 84 kD proteins to stop transcription. These results show that IFN dependent transcription very likely demands this particular phosphorylation and a cycle of interferon-dependent phosphorylation-dephosphorylation is responsible for controlling transcription.

It is proposed that other members of the 113-91 protein family will be identified as phosphorylation targets in response to other ligands. If as is believed, the tyrosine phosphorylation site on proteins in this family is conserved, one can then easily determine which family members are activated (phosphorylated), and likewise the particular extracellular polypeptide ligand to which that family member is responding. The modifications of these proteins (phosphorylation and dephosphorylation) enables the preparation and use of assays for determining the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals in potentiating or preventing intracellular responses to various polypeptides, and such assays are accordingly contemplated within the scope of the present invention.

EXAMPLE 4

Identification of Murine 91 kd Protein

A fragment of the gene encoding the human 91 kD protein was used to screen a murine thymus and spleen cDNA library for homologous proteins. The screening assay yielded a highly homologous gene encoding a murine polypeptide that is greater than 95% homologous to the human 91 kD protein. The nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequence of the murine 91 kD protein are shown in FIGS. 13A-13C, and SEQ ID NO:7 (nucleotide sequence) and SEQ ID NO:8 (amino acid sequence).

EXAMPLE 5

Additional Members of The 113-91 Protein Family

Using a 300 nuclide fragment amplified by PCR from the SH2 region of the murine 91 kD protein gene, murine genes encoding two additional members of the 113-91 family of receptor recognition factor proteins were isolated from a murine splenic/thymic cDNA library according to the method of Sambrook et al. (1989, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd. ed., Cold Spring Harbor Press: Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) constructed in the ZAP vector. Hybridization was carried out at 42° C. and washed at 42° C. before the first exposure (Church and Gilbert, 1984, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:1991-95). Then the filters were washed in 2×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 65° C. for a second exposure. Stat1 clones survived the 65° C. washing, whereas Stat3 and Stat4 clones were identified as plaques that lost signals at 65° C. The plaques were purified and subcloned according to Stratagene commercial protocols.

This probe was chosen to screen for other STAT family members because, while Stat1 and Stat2 SH2 domains are quite similar over the entire 100 to 120 amino acid region, only the amino terminal half of the STAT SH2 domains strongly resemble the SH2 regions found in other proteins.

The two genes have been cloned into plasmids 13sf1 and 19sf6. The nucleotide sequence, and deduced amino acid sequence, for the 13sf1 and 19sf6 genes are shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, respectively. These proteins are alternatively termed Stat4 and Stat3, respectively.

Comparison with the sequence of Stat91 (Stat1) and Stat113 (Stat2) shows several highly conserved regions, including the putative SH3 and SH2 domains. The conserved amino acid stretches likely point to conserved domains that enable these proteins to carry out transcription activation functions. Stat3, like Stat1 (Stat91), is widely expressed, while Stat4 expression is limited to the testes, thymus, and spleen. Stat3 has been found to be activated as a DNA binding protein through phosphorylation on: tyrosine in cells treated with EGF or IL-6, but not after IFN-γ, treatment.

Both the 13sf1 and 19sf6 genes share a significant homology with the genes encoding the human and murine 91 kD protein. There is corresponding homology between the deduced amino acid sequences of the 13sf1 and 19sf6 proteins and the amino acid sequences of the human and murine 91 kD proteins, although not the greater than 95% amino acid homology that is found between the murine and human 91 kD proteins. Thus, though clearly of the same family as the 91 kD protein, the 13sf1 and 19sf6 genes encode distinct proteins.

The chromosomal locations of the murine STAT proteins (1-4) have been determined: Stat1 and Stat4 are located in the centromeric region of mouse chromosome 1 (corresponding to human 2q 32-34q); the two other genes are on other chromosomes.

Southern analysis using probes derived from 13sf1 and 19sf6 on human genomic libraries have established that genes corresponding to the murine 13sf1 and 19sf6 genes are found in humans.

Tissue distribution of mRNA expression of these genes was evaluated by Northern hybridization analysis. The results of this distribution analysis are shown in the following Table.

TABLE DISTRIBUTION OF mRNA EXPRESSION OF 13sf1, 19sf6, 91 kD PROTEINS ORGAN 13sf1 19sf6 91 KD BRAIN − + − HEART − +++ − KIDNEY − − − LIVER − + + LUNG − − − SPLEEN + + ++++ TESTIS ++++ ++ N.A. THYMUS ++ ++ +++ EMBRYO (16d) not found found found

Northern analysis demonstrates that there is variation in the tissue distribution of expression of the mRNAs encoded by these genes. The variation and tissue distribution indicates that the specific genes encode proteins that are responsive to different factors, as would be expected in accordance with the present invention. The actual ligand, the binding of which induces phosphorylation of the newly discovered factors, will be readily determinable based on the tissue distribution evidence described above.

To determine whether the Stat3 and Stat4 proteins were present in cells, protein blots were carried out with antisera against each protein. The antisera were obtained by subcloning amino acids 688 to 727 of Sta3 and 678 to 743 of Stat4 to pGEX1λt (Pharmacia) by PCR with oligonucleotides based on the boundary sequence plus restriction sites (BamHI at the 5′ end and EcoRI at the 3′ end), allowing for in-frame fusion with GST. One milligram of each antigen was used for the immunization and three booster injections were given 4 weeks apart. Anti-Stat3 and anti-Stat4 sera were used 1:1000 in Western blots using standard protocols. To avoid cross reactivity of the antisera, antibodies were raised against the C-terminal of Stat3 and Stat4, the less homologous region of the protein.

These proteins were unambiguously found in several tissues where the mRNA wan known to be present. Protein expression was checked in several cell lines as well. A protein of 89 kD reactive with Stat4 antiserum was expressed in 70Z cells, a preB cell line, but not in many other cell lines. Stat3 was highly expressed, predominantly as a 97 kD protein, in 70Z, HT2 (a mouse helper T cell clone), and U937 (a macrophage-derived cell).

To prove that the full length functional cDNA clones of Stat3 and Stat4 were obtained, the open reading frames of each cDNA was independently (i.e., separately) cloned into the Rc/CMV expression vector (Invitrogen) downstream of a CMV promoter. The resulting plasmids were transfected into COS1 cells and proteins were extracted 60 hrs post-transfection and examined by Western blot after electrophoresis. Untransfected COS1 cells expressed a low level of 97 kD Stat3 protein but did not express a detectable level of Stat4. Upon transfection of the Stat3-expressing plasmid, the 97 kD Stat3 was increased at least 10-fold. And 89 kD protein antigenically related to Stat3, found as a minor band in most cell line extracts, was also increased post-transfection. This protein therefore appears to represent another form of Stat3 protein, or an antigenically similar protein whose synthesis is stimulated by Stat3. Transfection with Stat4 led to the expression of a 89 kD reactive band indistinguishable in size form the p89 Stat4 found in 70Z cell extracts.

Discussion

As mentioned earlier, the observation and conclusion underlying the present invention were crystallized from a consideration of the results of certain investigations with particular stimuli. Particularly, the present disclosure is illustrated by the results of work on protein factors that govern transcriptional control of IFNα-stimulated genes, as well as more recent data on the regulation of transcription of genes stimulated by IFN-γ. The present disclosure is further illustrated by the identification of related genes encoding protein factors responsive to as yet unknown factors. It is expected that the murine 91 kD protein is responsive to IFN-γ.

For example, the above represents evidence that the 91 kD protein is the tyrosine kinase target when IFNγ is the ligand. Thus two different ligands acting through two different receptors both use these family members. With only a modest number of family members and combinatorial use in response to different ligands, this family of proteins becomes an even more likely possibility to represent a general link between ligand-occupied receptors and transcriptional control of specific genes in the nucleus.

It is proposed and shown by the foregoing that other members of the 113-91 protein family will be and have been identified as phosphorylation targets in response to other ligands. If as is believed, the tyrosine phosphorylation site on proteins in this family is conserved, one can then easily determine which family members are activated (phosphorylated), and likewise the particular extracellular polypeptide ligand to which that family member is responding. The modifications of these proteins (phosphorylation and dephosphorylation) enables the preparation and use of assays for determining the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals in potentiating or preventing intracellular responses to various polypeptides, and such assays are accordingly contemplated within the scope of the present invention.

Earlier work has concluded that DNA binding protein was activated in the cell cytoplasm in response to IFN-γ treatment and that this protein stimulated transcription of the GBP gene (10,14). In the present work, with the aid of antisera to proteins originally studied in connection with IFN-α gene stimulation (7,12,15), the 91 kD ISGF-3 protein has been assigned a prominent role in IFN-γ gene stimulation as well. The evidence for this conclusion included: 1) antisera specific to the 91 kD protein affected the IFN-γ dependent gel-shift complex, and 2) A 91 kD protein could be cross-linked to the GAS IFN-γ activated site. 3) A ³⁵S-labeled 91 kD protein and a 91 kD immunoreactive protein specifically purified with the gel-shift complex. 4) The 91 kD protein is an IFN-γ dependent tyrosine kinase substrate as indeed it had earlier proved to be in response to IFN-α (15). 5) The 91 kD protein but not the 113 kD protein moved to the nucleus in response to IFN-γ treatment. None of these experiments prove but do strongly suggest that the same 91 kD protein acts differently in different DNA binding complexes that are triggered by either IFN-α or IFN-γ.

These results strongly support the hypothesis originated from studies on IFN-α that polypeptide cell surface receptors report their occupation by extracellular ligand to latent cytoplasmic proteins that after activation move to the nucleus to trigger transcription (4,15,21). Furthermore, because cytoplasmic phosphorylation and factor activation is so rapid it appears likely that the functional receptor complexes contain tyrosine kinase activity. Since the IFN-γ receptor chain that has been cloned thus far (22) has no hint of possessing intrinsic kinase activity, perhaps some other molecule with tyrosine kinase activity couples with the IFN-γ receptor. Two recent results with other receptors suggest possible parallels to the situation with the IFN receptors. The trk protein which has an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, associates with the NGF receptor when that receptor is occupied (23). In addition, the lck protein, a member of the src family of tyrosine kinases, is co-precipitated with the T cell receptor (24). It is possible to predict that signal transduction to the nucleus through these two receptors could involve latent cytoplasmic substrates that form part of activated transcription factors. In any event, it seems possible that there are kinases like trk or lck associated with the IFN-γ receptor or with IFN-α receptor.

With regard to the effect of phosphorylation on the 91 kD protein, it was something of a surprise that after IFN-γ treatment the 91 kD protein becomes a DNA binding protein. Its role must be different in response to IFN-α treatment. Tyrosine is also phosphorylated on tyrosine and joins a complex with the 113 and 84 kD proteins but as judged by UV cross-linking studies (7), the 91 kD protein does not contact DNA.

In addition to becoming a DNA binding protein it is clear that the 91 kD protein is specifically translocated the nucleus in the wake of IFN-γ stimulation.

EXAMPLE 6 Dimerization of Phosphorylated Stat91

Stat91 (a 91 kD protein that acts as a signal transducer and activator of transcription) is inactive in the cytoplasm of untreated cells but is activated by phosphorylation on tyrosine in response to a number of polypeptide ligands including IFN-α and IFN-γ. This example reports that inactive Stat91 in the cytoplasm of untreated cells is a monomer and upon IFN-γ induced phosphorylation it forms a stable homodimer. The dimer is capable of binding to a specific DNA sequence directing transcription. Dissociation and reassociation assays show that dimerization of Stat91 is mediated through SH2-phosphotyrosyl peptide interactions. Dimerization involving SH2 recognition of specific phosphotyrosyl peptides may well provide a prototype for interactions among family members of STAT proteins to form different transcription complexes and Jak2 for the IFN-γ pathway (42, 43, 44). These kinases themselves become tyrosine phosphorylated to carry out specific signaling events.

Materials and Methods

Cell Culture. Human 2fTGH, U3A cells were maintained in DMEM medium supplied with 10% bovine calf serum. U3A cell lines supplemented with various Stat91 protein constructs were maintained in 0.1 mg/ml G418 (Gibco, BRL).

Stable cell lines were selected as described (45). IFN-γ(5 ng/ml, gift from Amgen) treatment of cells was for 15 min. unless otherwise noted.

Plasmid Constructions. Expression construct MNC-84 was made by insertion of the cDNA into the Not I-Bam HI cloning site of an expression vector PMNC (45, 35). MNC-91L was made by insertion of the Stat91 cDNA into the Not I-Bam HI cloning sites of pMNC without the stop codon at the end, resulting the production of a long form of Stat91 with a C-terminal tag of 34 amino acids encoded by PMNC vector.

GST fusion protein expression plasmids were constructed by the using the pGEX-2T vector (Pharmacia). GST-91SH2 encodes amino acids 573 to 672 of Stat91; GST-91mSH2 encodes amino acids 573 to 672 of Stat91 with an Arg-602—>Leu-602 mutation; and GST-91SH3 encodes amino acids 506 to 564 of Stat91.

DNA Transfection. DNA transfection was carried by the calcium phosphate method, and stable cell lines were selected in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing G418 (0.5 mg/ml, Gibco), as described (45).

Preparation of Cell Extracts. Crude whole cell extracts were prepared as described (31). Cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts were prepared essentially as described (46).

Affinity Purification. Affinity purification with a biotinylated oligonucleotide was described (31). The sequence of the biotinylated GAS oligonucleotide was from the Ly6E gene promoter (34).

Nondenaturing Polyacrylamide Gel Analysis. A nondenatured protein molecular weight marker kit with a range of molecular weights from 14 to 545 kD was obtained from Sigma. Determining molecular weights using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel was carried out following the manufacturer's procedure, which is a modification of the methods of Bryan and Davis (47, 48). Phosphorylated and unphosphorylated Stat91 samples obtained from affinity purification using a biotinylated GAS oligonucleotide (31) were resuspended in a buffer containing 10 mM Tris (pH 6.7), 16% glycerol, 0.04% bromphenol blue (BPB). The mixtures were analyzed on 4.5%, 5.5%, 6.5%, and 7.5.% native gels side by side with standard markers using a Bio-Rad mini-Protean II Cell electrophoresis system. Electrophoresis was stopped when the dye (BPB) reached the bottom of the gels. The molecular size markers were revealed by Coomassie blue staining. Phosphorylated and unphosphorylated Stat19 samples were detected by immunoblotting with anti-91T.

Glycerol Gradient Analysis. Cells extracts (Bud 8) were mixed with protein standards (Pharmacia) and subjected to centrifugation through preformed 10%-40% glycerol gradients for 40 hours at 40,000 rpm in an SW41 rotor as described (6).

Gel Mobility Shift Assays. Gel mobility shift assays were carried out as described (34). An oligonucleotide corresponding to the GAS element from the human FcγRI receptor gene (Pearse et al. 1993) was synthesized and used for gel mobility shift assays. The oligonucleotide has the following sequence:

5′GATCGAGATGTATTrCCCAGAAAAG3′ (SEQ. ID NO: 17).

Synthesis of Peptides. Solid phase peptide synthesis was used with either a DuPont RAMPS multiple synthesizer or by manual synthesis. C-terminal amino attached to Wang resin were obtained from DuPont/NEN. All amino acids were coupled as the N-Fmoc pentafluorophenyl esters (Advanced Chemtech), except for N-Fmoc, PO-dimethyl-L-phosphotyrosine (Bachem). Double couplings were used. Cleavage from resin and deprotection used thioanisol/m-cresol/TFA/TMSBr at 4° C. for 16 hr. Purification used C-18 column HPLC with 0.1% TFA/acetonitrile gradients. Peptides were characterized by ¹H and ³¹P NMR, and by Mass Spec, and were greater than 95% pure.

Guanidium Hydrochloride Treatment. Extracts were incubated with guanidium hydrochloride (final concentration was 0.4 to 0.6M) for two min. at room temperature and then diluted with gel shift buffer (final concentration of guanidium hydrochloride was 100 mM) and incubated at room temperature for 15 min. ³²P-labeled GAS oligonucleotide probe was then added directly to the mixture followed by gel mobility shift assay.

Dissociation-reassociation Analysis. Extracts were incubated with various concentrations of peptides or fusion proteins, and ³²P-labeled GAS oligonucleotide probe in gel shift buffer was then added to promote the formation of protein-DNA complex followed by mobility shift analysis. This assay did not involve guanidium hydrochloride treatment.

Preparation of Fusion Proteins. Bacterially expressed GST fusion proteins were purified using standard techniques, as described in Birge et al., 1992. Fusion proteins were quantified by O.D. absorbance at 280 nm. Aliquotes were frozen at −70° C.

Results

Detection of Ligand Induced Dimer Formation of Stat91 in Solution. In untreated cells, Stat91 is not phosphorylated on tyrosine. Treatment with IFN-γ leads within minutes to tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of DNA binding capacity. The phosphorylated form migrates more slowly during electrophoresis under denaturing conditions affording a simple assay for the phosphoprotein (31).

To determine the native molecular weights of the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of Stat91, we separated them by affinity purification using a biotinylated deoxyoligonucleotide containing a GAS sequence (interferon gamma activation site) (FIG. 16A). The separation of phosphorylated Stat91 from the unphosphorylated form was efficient as almost all detectable phosphorylated form could bind to the GAS site while unphosphorylated Stat91 remained unbound. To determine the molecular weights of the purified phosphorylated Stat91 and unphosphorylated Stat91, samples of each were then subjected to electrophoresis through a set of nondenaturing gels containing various concentrations of acrylamide followed by Western blot analysis (FIG. 16B). Native protein size markers (Sigma) were included in the analysis.

This technique was originally described by Bryan (48) and was recently used for dimer analysis (49). The logic of the technique is that increasing gel concentrations affect the migration of larger proteins more than smaller proteins, and the analysis is not affected by modifications such as protein phosphorylation (49).

A function of the relative mobilities (Rm) was plotted versus the concentration of acrylamide for each sample to construct Ferguson plots (FIG. 16C). The logarithm of the retardation coefficient (calculated from FIG. 16C) of each sample was then plotted against the logarithm of the relevant molecular weight range (FIG. 16D). By extrapolation of its retardation coefficient (FIG. 16D), the native molecular weight of Stat91 from untreated cells was estimated to be approximately 95 kD, while tyrosine phosphorylated Stat91 was estimated to be about twice as large, or approximately 180 kD. Because the calculated molecular weight from amino acid sequence of Stat91 is 87 kD, and Stat91 migrates on denaturing SDA gels with an apparent molecular weight of 91 kD (see supra, and refs. 12 and 45), we concluded that in solution, unphosphorylated Stat91 existed as a monomer while tyrosine phosphorylated Stat91 is a dimer.

We also employed glycerol gradient analysis to estimate the native molecular weights of both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated Stat91 (FIG. 17). Whole cell extract of fibroblast cells (Bud8) treated with IFN-γ were prepared and subjected to sedimentation through a 10-40% glycerol gradient. Fractions from the gradient were collected and analyzed by both immunoblotting and gel mobility shift analysis (FIGS. 17A and 17B). As expected, two electrophoretic forms of Stat91 could be detected by immunoblotting (FIG. 17A): the slow-migrating form (tyrosine phosphorylated) and the fast-migrating form (unphosphorylated; FIG. 17A). The phosphorylated Stat91 sedimented more rapidly than the unphosphorylated form. Again, using molecular weight markers, the native molecular weight of the unphosphorylated form of Stat91 appeared to be about 90 kD while the tyrosine phosphorylated form of Stat91 was about 180 kD (FIG. 17C), supporting the conclusion that unphosphorylated Stat91 existed as a monomer in solution while the tyrosine phosphorylated form exists as a dimer. When fractions from the glycerol gradients were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (FIG. 17B), the peak of the phosphorylated form of Stat91 correlated well with the DNA-binding activity of Stat91. Thus only the phosphorylated dimeric Stat91 has the sequence-specific DNA recognition capacity.

Stat91 Binds DNA as a Dimer. Long or short versions of DNA binding protein can produce, respectively, a slower or a faster migrating band during gel retardation assays. Finding intermediate gel shift bands produced by mixing two different sized species provides evidence of dimerization of the DNA binding proteins. Since Stat91 requires specific tyrosine phosphorylation in ligand-treated cells for its DNA binding, we sought evidence of formation of such heterodimers, first in transfected cells. An expression vector (MNC911) encoding Stat91L, a recombinant form of Stat91 containing an additional 34 amino acid carboxyl terminal tag was generated. [The extra amino acids were encoded by a segment of DNA sequence from plasmid pMNC (see Materials and Methods).] A Stat84 expression vector (MNC84) was also available (45). From somatic cell genetic experiments, mutant human cell lines (U3) are known that lack the Stat91/84 mRNA and proteins (29,30). The U3 cells were therefore separately transfected with vectors encoding Stat84 (MNC84) or Stat91L (MNC91L) or a mixture of both vectors. Permanent transfectants expressing Stat84 (C84), Stat91L (C91L) or both proteins (Cmx) were isolated (FIG. 18A).

Mobility shift analysis was performed with extracts from these stable cell lines (FIG. 18B). Extracts of IFN-γ-treated C84 cells produced a faster migrating gel shift band than extracts of treated C91L cells. Most importantly, extracts from IFN-γ-treated Cmx cells expressing both Stat84 and Stat91L proteins formed an additional intermediate gel shift band. Anti-91, an antiserum against the C-terminal 38 amino acids of Stat91 (12) that are absent in Stat84, specifically removed the top two shift bands seen with the Cmx extracts. Anti-91, an antiserum against amino acids 609 to 716 (15) that recognizes both Stat91L and Stat84, proteins inhibited the binding of all three shift bands. Thus, the middle band formed by extracts of the Cmx cells is clearly identified as a heterodimer of Stat84 and Stat91L. We concluded that both Stat91 and Stat84 bind DNA as homodimers and, if present in the same cell, win form heterodimers.

We next wanted to detect the formation of dimers in vitro. When cytoplasmic or nuclear extracts of IFN-γ-treated C84 or C91L cells were mixed and analyzed (FIG. 19), only the fast or slow migrating gel shift bands were observed. Thus it appeared that once formed in vivo, the dimers were stable. To promote the formation of protein interchange between the subunits of the dimer, a mixture of either cytoplasmic or nuclear extracts of IFN-γ-treated C84 or C91L cells were subjected mild denaturation-renaturation treatment: extracts were made 0.5M with respect to guanidium hydrochloride for two minutes and then diluted for renaturation and subsequently used for gel retardation analysis. The formation of heterodimer was clearly detected after this treatment. When extracts from either C84 cells alone or C91L cells alone were subjected to the same treatment, the intermediate band did not form. The intermediate band was again proven by antiserum treatment to consist of Stat84/Stat91L dimer (data not shown).

This experiment defined conditions under which the dimer was stable, but also showed that dissociation and reassociation of the dimer in vitro was possible. Since guanidium hydrochloride is known to disrupt only non-covalent chemical bonds, it seemed that Stat91 (or Stat84) homodimerization was mediated through non-covalent interactions.

Dimerization of Stat91 Involves Phosphotyrosyl Peptide and SH2 Interactions. Based on the results described above, we devised a dissociation-reassociation assay in the absence of guanidium hydrochloride to explore the possible nature of interactions involved in dimer formation (FIG. 20). When the short and the long forms of a homodimer are mixed with a dissociating agent (e.g., a peptide containing the putative dimerization domain), the subunits of the dimer should dissociate (in a concentration dependent fashion) due to the interaction of the agent with the dimerization domain(s) of the protein. When a specific DNA probe is subsequently added to the mixture to drive the formation of a stable protein-DNA complex, the detection of any reassociated or remaining dimers can be assayed. In the presence of low concentration of the dissociating agent, addition of DNA to form the stable protein-DNA complex should lead to the detection of homodimers as well as heterodimers. At high concentration of the dissociating agent, subunits of the dimer may not be able to re-form and no DNA-protein complexes would be detected (FIG. 20).

The Stat91 sequence contains an SH2 domain (amino acids 569 to 700, see discussion below), and we knew that Tyr-701 was the single phosphorylated tyrosine residue required for DNA binding activity (supra, 45). Furthermore, we have observed that phosphotyrosine at 10 mM, but not phosphoserine or phosphothreonine, could prevent the formation of Stat91-DNA complex. We therefore sought evidence that the dimerization of Stat91 involved specific SH2-phosphotyrosine interaction using the dissociation and reassociation assay.

In order to evaluate the role of the SH2-phosphotyrosine interation, two peptides fragments of Stat91 corresponding to segments of the SH2 and phosphotyrosing domains of Stat91 were prepared: a non-phosphorylated peptide (91Y), LDGPKGTGYIKTELI (SEQ. ID NO: 18) (corresponding to amino acids 693-707), and a phosphotyrosyl peptide (91Y-p), GY*IKTE (SEQ. ID NO: 19) (representing residues 700-705).

Activated Stat84 or Stat91L was obtained from IFN-γ-treated C84 or C91L cells and mixed in the presence of various concentrations of the peptides followed by gel mobility shift analysis. The non-phosphorylated peptide had no effect on the presence of the two gel shift bands characteristic of Stat84 or Stat91L homodimers (FIG. 21, lane 2-4). In contrast, the phosphorylated peptide (91Y-p) at the concentration of 4 μM clearly promoted the exchange between the subunits of Stat84 dimers and Stat91L dimers to form heterodimers (FIG. 21, lane 5). At a higher concentration (160 μM), peptide 91Y-p but not the unphosphorylated peptide dissociated the dimers and blocked the formation of DNA protein complexes (FIG. 21, lane 7).

When cells are treated with IFN-α both Stat91 (or 84) and Stat113 become phosphorylated (15). Antiserum to Stat113 can precipitate both Stat113 and Stat91 after IFN-α-treatment but not before, suggesting IFN-α dependent interaction of these two proteins, perhaps as a heterodimer (15).

In Stat113, tyr-690 in the homologous position to Tyr-701 in Stat91 is the single target residue for phosphorylation. Amino acids downstream of the affected tyrosine residue show some homology between the two proteins. We therefore prepared a phosphotyrosyl peptide of Stat113 (113Y-p), KVNLQERRKY*LKHR (SEQ. ID NO:20) [amino acids 681 to 694; (38)]. At concentrations similar to 91Y-p, 113Y-p also promoted the exchange of subunits between the Stat84 and Stat91L, while at a high concentration (40 μM), 113Y-p prevented the gel shift bands almost completely (FIG. 21, lane 8-10).

We prepared a phosphotyrosyl peptide (SrcY-p), EPQY*EEIPIYL (SEQ. ID NO:21) which is known to interact with the Src SH2 domain with a high affinity (50). This peptide showed no effect on the Stat91 dimer formation (FIG. 21, lane 11-13). Thus, it seems that Stat91 dimerization involves SH2 interaction with tyrosine residues in specific peptide sequence.

To test further the specificity of Stat91 dimerization mediated through specific-phosphotyrosyl-peptide SH2 interaction, a fusion product of glutathione-S-transferase with the Stat91-SH2 domain (GST-91SH2) was prepared (FIG. 22A) and used in the in vitro dissociation reassociation assay. At concentrations of 0.5 to 5 μM, the Stat91-SH2 domain promoted the formation of a heterodimer (FIG. 22B, lanes 5-7). In contrast, neither GST alone, nor fusion products with a mutant (R⁶⁰²—→L⁶⁰²) Stat91-SH2 domain (GST 91mSH2) that renders Stat91 non-functional in vivo, a Stat91 SH3 domain (GST-91SH3), nor the Src SH2 domain (GST-SrcSH2), induced the exchange of subunits between the Stat84 and Stat91L homodimers (FIG. 22B).

Discussion

The initial sequence analysis of the Stat91 and Stat113 proteins revealed the presence of SH2 like domains (see 13,38). Further it was found that STAT proteins themselves are phosphorylated on single tyrosine residues during their activation (15,31). Single amino acid mutations either removing the Stat91 phosphorylation site, Tyr-701, or converting Arg-702 to Leu in the highly conserved “pocket” region of the SH2 domain abolished the activity of Stat91 (45). Thus it seemed highly likely that one possible role of the STAT SH2 domains would be to bind the phosphotyrosine residues in one of the JAK kinases.

Since the activated STATs have phosphotyrosine residues and SH2 domains, a second suggested role for SH2 domains was in protein-protein interactions within the STAT family. By two physical criteria—electrophoresis in native gels and sedimentation on gradients—Stat91 in untreated cells is a monomer and in treated cells is a dimer (FIGS. 16-18). Since phosphotyrosyl peptides from Stat91 or Stat113 and the SH2 domain of Stat91 could efficiently promote the formation of herterodimers between Stat91L and Stat84 in a disassociation and reassociation assay, we conclude that dimerization of Stat91 involves SH2-phosphotyrosyl peptide interactions.

The possibility of an SH2 domain in Stat91 was indicated initially by the presence of highly conserved amino acid stretches between the Stat91 and Stat113 sequences in the 569 to 700 residue region, several of which, especially the FLLR sequence in the amino terminal end of the region, are characteristic of −SH2 domains. The C-terminal half of the SH2 domains are less well conserved in general (39); this was also true for the STAT proteins compared to other proteins, although Stat91 and Stat113 are quite similar in this region (38, 13, FIG. 23). The available structures of lck, src, abl, and p85a SH2's permit identification of structurally conserved regions (SCR's), and detailed alignment of amino acid sequences of several proteins (FIG. 23) is based on these.

The characteristic W (in βA1) is preceded by hydrophilic residues and is followed by hydrophobic residues in Stat91, but alignment to the W seems justified, even if the small beta sheet of which the W is part is shifted in Stat91. The three positively charged residues contributing to the phosphotyrosyl binding site are at the positions indicated as alphaA2, betaB5, and betaD5. FIG. 23 shows an alignment which accomplishes this by insertions in the ‘AA’ and ‘CD’ regions. This is a different alignment from that previously suggested (38), and gives a satisfactory alignment in the (beta)D region, although, like the previous alignment, it is obviously considerably less similar to the other SH2's in the C-terminus.

This alignment suggests that the SH2 domain in the Stat91 would end in the vicinity of residue 700. In such an alignment, the Tyr-701 occurs almost immediately after the SH2 domain: a distance too short to allow an intramolecular phosphotyrosine −SH2 interaction. Since the data presented earlier strongly implicate that an SH2-phosphotyrosine interaction is involved in dimerization, such an interaction is likely to be between two phospho Stat91 subunits as a reciprocal pTyr −SH2 interaction.

The apparent stability of Stat91 dimer may be due to a high association rate coupled with a high dissociation rate of SH2-phosphotyrosyl peptide interactions as suggested (Felder et al., 1993, Mol. Cell Biol. 13:1449-1455) coupled with interactions between other domains of Stat91 that may contribute stability to the Stat91 dimer. Interference by homologous phosphopeptides with the −SH2-phosphotyrosine interaction would then lower stability sufficiently to allow complete dissociation and heterodimerization.

The dimer formation between phospho Stat91 is the first case in eukaryotes where dimer formation is regulated by phosphorylation, and the only one thus far dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation. We anticipate that dimerization with the STAT protein family will be important. It seems likely that in cells treated with IFN-α, there is Stat113-Stat91 interaction (15). This may well be mediated through SH2 and phosphotyrosyl peptide interactions as described above, leading to a complex (a probable dimer of Stat91-Stat113) which joins with a 48 kD DNA binding protein (a member of another family of DNA binding factors) to make a complex capable of binding to a different DNA site. Furthermore, we have recently cloned two mouse cDNAs which encode other STAT family members that have conserved the same general structure features observed in the Stat91 and Stat113 molecules (see Example 5, Supra). (U.S. application Ser. No. 08/126,588, filed Sep. 29, 1993, which is specifically incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Thus the specificity of STAT-containing complexes will almost surely be affected by which proteins are phosphorylated and then available for dimer formation.

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This invention may be embodied in other forms or carried out in other ways without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present disclosure is therefore to be considered as in all respects illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended Claims, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency are intended to be embraced therein.

25 3268 base pairs nucleic acid both unknown cDNA NO NO Homo sapiens HeLa CDS 25..2577 1 ACTGCAACCC TAATCAGAGC CCAA ATG GCG CAG TGG GAA ATG CTG CAG AAT 51 Met Ala Gln Trp Glu Met Leu Gln Asn 1 5 CTT GAC AGC CCC TTT CAG GAT CAG CTG CAC CAG CTT TAC TCG CAC AGC 99 Leu Asp Ser Pro Phe Gln Asp Gln Leu His Gln Leu Tyr Ser His Ser 10 15 20 25 CTC CTG CCT GTG GAC ATT CGA CAG TAC TTG GCT GTC TGG ATT GAA GAC 147 Leu Leu Pro Val Asp Ile Arg Gln Tyr Leu Ala Val Trp Ile Glu Asp 30 35 40 CAG AAC TGG CAG GAA GCT GCA CTT GGG AGT GAT GAT TCC AAG GCT ACC 195 Gln Asn Trp Gln Glu Ala Ala Leu Gly Ser Asp Asp Ser Lys Ala Thr 45 50 55 ATG CTA TTC TTC CAC TTC TTG GAT CAG CTG AAC TAT GAG TGT GGC CGT 243 Met Leu Phe Phe His Phe Leu Asp Gln Leu Asn Tyr Glu Cys Gly Arg 60 65 70 TGC AGC CAG GAC CCA GAG TCC TTG TTG CTG CAG CAC AAT TTG CGG AAA 291 Cys Ser Gln Asp Pro Glu Ser Leu Leu Leu Gln His Asn Leu Arg Lys 75 80 85 TTC TGC CGG GAC ATT CAG CCC TTT TCC CAG GAT CCT ACC CAG TTG GCT 339 Phe Cys Arg Asp Ile Gln Pro Phe Ser Gln Asp Pro Thr Gln Leu Ala 90 95 100 105 GAG ATG ATC TTT AAC CTC CTT CTG GAA GAA AAA AGA ATT TTG ATC CAG 387 Glu Met Ile Phe Asn Leu Leu Leu Glu Glu Lys Arg Ile Leu Ile Gln 110 115 120 GCT CAG AGG GCC CAA TTG GAA CAA GGA GAG CCA GTT CTC GAA ACA CCT 435 Ala Gln Arg Ala Gln Leu Glu Gln Gly Glu Pro Val Leu Glu Thr Pro 125 130 135 GTG GAG AGC CAG CAA CAT GAG ATT GAA TCC CGG ATC CTG GAT TTA AGG 483 Val Glu Ser Gln Gln His Glu Ile Glu Ser Arg Ile Leu Asp Leu Arg 140 145 150 GCT ATG ATG GAG AAG CTG GTA AAA TCC ATC AGC CAA CTG AAA GAC CAG 531 Ala Met Met Glu Lys Leu Val Lys Ser Ile Ser Gln Leu Lys Asp Gln 155 160 165 CAG GAT GTC TTC TGC TTC CGA TAT AAG ATC CAG GCC AAA GGG AAG ACA 579 Gln Asp Val Phe Cys Phe Arg Tyr Lys Ile Gln Ala Lys Gly Lys Thr 170 175 180 185 CCC TCT CTG GAC CCC CAT CAG ACC AAA GAG CAG AAG ATT CTG CAG GAA 627 Pro Ser Leu Asp Pro His Gln Thr Lys Glu Gln Lys Ile Leu Gln Glu 190 195 200 ACT CTC AAT GAA CTG GAC AAA AGG AGA AAG GAG GTG CTG GAT GCC TCC 675 Thr Leu Asn Glu Leu Asp Lys Arg Arg Lys Glu Val Leu Asp Ala Ser 205 210 215 AAA GCA CTG CTA GGC CGA TTA ACT ACC CTA ATC GAG CTA CTG CTG CCA 723 Lys Ala Leu Leu Gly Arg Leu Thr Thr Leu Ile Glu Leu Leu Leu Pro 220 225 230 AAG TTG GAG GAG TGG AAG GCC CAG CAG CAA AAA GCC TGC ATC AGA GCT 771 Lys Leu Glu Glu Trp Lys Ala Gln Gln Gln Lys Ala Cys Ile Arg Ala 235 240 245 CCC ATT GAC CAC GGG TTG GAA CAG CTG GAG ACA TGG TTC ACA GCT GGA 819 Pro Ile Asp His Gly Leu Glu Gln Leu Glu Thr Trp Phe Thr Ala Gly 250 255 260 265 GCA AAG CTG TTG TTT CAC CTG AGG CAG CTG CTG AAG GAG CTG AAG GGA 867 Ala Lys Leu Leu Phe His Leu Arg Gln Leu Leu Lys Glu Leu Lys Gly 270 275 280 CTG AGT TGC CTG GTT AGC TAT CAG GAT GAC CCT CTG ACC AAA GGG GTG 915 Leu Ser Cys Leu Val Ser Tyr Gln Asp Asp Pro Leu Thr Lys Gly Val 285 290 295 GAC CTA CGC AAC GCC CAG GTC ACA GAG TTG CTA CAG CGT CTG CTC CAC 963 Asp Leu Arg Asn Ala Gln Val Thr Glu Leu Leu Gln Arg Leu Leu His 300 305 310 AGA GCC TTT GTG GTA GAA ACC CAG CCC TGC ATG CCC CAA ACT CCC CAT 1011 Arg Ala Phe Val Val Glu Thr Gln Pro Cys Met Pro Gln Thr Pro His 315 320 325 CGA CCC CTC ATC CTC AAG ACT GGC AGC AAG TTC ACC GTC CGA ACA AGG 1059 Arg Pro Leu Ile Leu Lys Thr Gly Ser Lys Phe Thr Val Arg Thr Arg 330 335 340 345 CTG CTG GTG AGA CTC CAG GAA GGC AAT GAG TCA CTG ACT GTG GAA GTC 1107 Leu Leu Val Arg Leu Gln Glu Gly Asn Glu Ser Leu Thr Val Glu Val 350 355 360 TCC ATT GAC AGG AAT CCT CCT CAA TTA CAA GGC TTC CGG AAG TTC AAC 1155 Ser Ile Asp Arg Asn Pro Pro Gln Leu Gln Gly Phe Arg Lys Phe Asn 365 370 375 ATT CTG ACT TCA AAC CAG AAA ACT TTG ACC CCC GAG AAG GGG CAG AGT 1203 Ile Leu Thr Ser Asn Gln Lys Thr Leu Thr Pro Glu Lys Gly Gln Ser 380 385 390 CAG GGT TTG ATT TGG GAC TTT GGT TAC CTG ACT CTG GTG GAG CAA CGT 1251 Gln Gly Leu Ile Trp Asp Phe Gly Tyr Leu Thr Leu Val Glu Gln Arg 395 400 405 TCA GGT GGT TCA GGA AAG GGC AGC AAT AAG GGG CCA CTA GGT GTG ACA 1299 Ser Gly Gly Ser Gly Lys Gly Ser Asn Lys Gly Pro Leu Gly Val Thr 410 415 420 425 GAG GAA CTG CAC ATC ATC AGC TTC ACG GTC AAA TAT ACC TAC CAG GGT 1347 Glu Glu Leu His Ile Ile Ser Phe Thr Val Lys Tyr Thr Tyr Gln Gly 430 435 440 CTG AAG CAG GAG CTG AAA ACG GAC ACC CTC CCT GTG GTG ATT ATT TCC 1395 Leu Lys Gln Glu Leu Lys Thr Asp Thr Leu Pro Val Val Ile Ile Ser 445 450 455 AAC ATG AAC CAG CTC TCA ATT GCC TGG GCT TCA GTT CTC TGG TTC AAT 1443 Asn Met Asn Gln Leu Ser Ile Ala Trp Ala Ser Val Leu Trp Phe Asn 460 465 470 TTG CTC AGC CCA AAC CTT CAG AAC CAG CAG TTC TTC TCC AAC CCC CCC 1491 Leu Leu Ser Pro Asn Leu Gln Asn Gln Gln Phe Phe Ser Asn Pro Pro 475 480 485 AAG GCC CCC TGG AGC TTG CTG GGC CCT GCT CTC AGT TGG CAG TTC TCC 1539 Lys Ala Pro Trp Ser Leu Leu Gly Pro Ala Leu Ser Trp Gln Phe Ser 490 495 500 505 TCC TAT GTT GGC CGA GGC CTC AAC TCA GAC CAG CTG AGC ATG CTG AGA 1587 Ser Tyr Val Gly Arg Gly Leu Asn Ser Asp Gln Leu Ser Met Leu Arg 510 515 520 AAC AAG CTG TTC GGG CAG AAC TGT AGG ACT GAG GAT CCA TTA TTG TCC 1635 Asn Lys Leu Phe Gly Gln Asn Cys Arg Thr Glu Asp Pro Leu Leu Ser 525 530 535 TGG GCT GAC TTC ACT AAG CGA GAG AGC CCT CCT GGC AAG TTA CCA TTC 1683 Trp Ala Asp Phe Thr Lys Arg Glu Ser Pro Pro Gly Lys Leu Pro Phe 540 545 550 TGG ACA TGG CTG GAC AAA ATT CTG GAG TTG GTA CAT GAC CAC CTG AAG 1731 Trp Thr Trp Leu Asp Lys Ile Leu Glu Leu Val His Asp His Leu Lys 555 560 565 GAT CTC TGG AAT GAT GGA CGC ATC ATG GGC TTT GTG AGT CGG AGC CAG 1779 Asp Leu Trp Asn Asp Gly Arg Ile Met Gly Phe Val Ser Arg Ser Gln 570 575 580 585 GAG CGC CGG CTG CTG AAG AAG ACC ATG TCT GGC ACC TTT CTA CTG CGC 1827 Glu Arg Arg Leu Leu Lys Lys Thr Met Ser Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu Arg 590 595 600 TTC AGT GAA TCG TCA GAA GGG GGC ATT ACC TGC TCC TGG GTG GAG CAC 1875 Phe Ser Glu Ser Ser Glu Gly Gly Ile Thr Cys Ser Trp Val Glu His 605 610 615 CAG GAT GAT GAC AAG GTG CTC ATC TAC TCT GTG CAA CCG TAC ACG AAG 1923 Gln Asp Asp Asp Lys Val Leu Ile Tyr Ser Val Gln Pro Tyr Thr Lys 620 625 630 GAG GTG CTG CAG TCA CTC CCG CTG ACT GAA ATC ATC CGC CAT TAC CAG 1971 Glu Val Leu Gln Ser Leu Pro Leu Thr Glu Ile Ile Arg His Tyr Gln 635 640 645 TTG CTC ACT GAG GAG AAT ATA CCT GAA AAC CCA CTG CGC TTC CTC TAT 2019 Leu Leu Thr Glu Glu Asn Ile Pro Glu Asn Pro Leu Arg Phe Leu Tyr 650 655 660 665 CCC CGA ATC CCC CGG GAT GAA GCT TTT GGG TGC TAC TAC CAG GAG AAA 2067 Pro Arg Ile Pro Arg Asp Glu Ala Phe Gly Cys Tyr Tyr Gln Glu Lys 670 675 680 GTT AAT CTC CAG GAA CGG AGG AAA TAC CTG AAA CAC AGG CTC ATT GTG 2115 Val Asn Leu Gln Glu Arg Arg Lys Tyr Leu Lys His Arg Leu Ile Val 685 690 695 GTC TCT AAT AGA CAG GTG GAT GAA CTG CAA CAA CCG CTG GAG CTT AAG 2163 Val Ser Asn Arg Gln Val Asp Glu Leu Gln Gln Pro Leu Glu Leu Lys 700 705 710 CCA GAG CCA GAG CTG GAG TCA TTA GAG CTG GAA CTA GGG CTG GTG CCA 2211 Pro Glu Pro Glu Leu Glu Ser Leu Glu Leu Glu Leu Gly Leu Val Pro 715 720 725 GAG CCA GAG CTC AGC CTG GAC TTA GAG CCA CTG CTG AAG GCA GGG CTG 2259 Glu Pro Glu Leu Ser Leu Asp Leu Glu Pro Leu Leu Lys Ala Gly Leu 730 735 740 745 GAT CTG GGG CCA GAG CTA GAG TCT GTG CTG GAG TCC ACT CTG GAG CCT 2307 Asp Leu Gly Pro Glu Leu Glu Ser Val Leu Glu Ser Thr Leu Glu Pro 750 755 760 GTG ATA GAG CCC ACA CTA TGC ATG GTA TCA CAA ACA GTG CCA GAG CCA 2355 Val Ile Glu Pro Thr Leu Cys Met Val Ser Gln Thr Val Pro Glu Pro 765 770 775 GAC CAA GGA CCT GTA TCA CAG CCA GTG CCA GAG CCA GAT TTG CCC TGT 2403 Asp Gln Gly Pro Val Ser Gln Pro Val Pro Glu Pro Asp Leu Pro Cys 780 785 790 GAT CTG AGA CAT TTG AAC ACT GAG CCA ATG GAA ATC TTC AGA AAC TGT 2451 Asp Leu Arg His Leu Asn Thr Glu Pro Met Glu Ile Phe Arg Asn Cys 795 800 805 GTA AAG ATT GAA GAA ATC ATG CCG AAT GGT GAC CCA CTG TTG GCT GGC 2499 Val Lys Ile Glu Glu Ile Met Pro Asn Gly Asp Pro Leu Leu Ala Gly 810 815 820 825 CAG AAC ACC GTG GAT GAG GTT TAC GTC TCC CGC CCC AGC CAC TTC TAC 2547 Gln Asn Thr Val Asp Glu Val Tyr Val Ser Arg Pro Ser His Phe Tyr 830 835 840 ACT GAT GGA CCC TTG ATG CCT TCT GAC TTC TAGGAACCAC ATTTCCTCTG 2597 Thr Asp Gly Pro Leu Met Pro Ser Asp Phe 845 850 TTCTTTTCAT ATCTCTTTGC CCTTCCTACT CCTCATAGCA TGATATTGTT CTCCAAGGAT 2657 GGGAATCAGG CATGTGTCCC TTCCAAGCTG TGTTAACTGT TCAAACTCAG GCCTGTGTGA 2717 CTCCATTGGG GTGAGAGGTG AAAGCATAAC ATGGGTACAG AGGGGACAAC AATGAATCAG 2777 AACAGATGCT GAGCCATAGG TCTAAATAGG ATCCTGGAGG CTGCCTGCTG TGCTGGGAGG 2837 TATAGGGGTC CTGGGGGCAG GCCAGGGCAG TTGACAGGTA CTTGGAGGGC TCAGGGCAGT 2897 GGCTTCTTTC CAGTATGGAA GGATTTCAAC ATTTTAATAG TTGGTTAGGC TAAACTGGTG 2957 CATACTGGCA TTGGCCTTGG TGGGGAGCAC AGACACAGGA TAGGACTCCA TTTCTTTCTT 3017 CCATTCCTTC ATGTCTAGGA TAACTTGCTT TCTTCTTTCC TTTACTCCTG GCTCAAGCCC 3077 TGAATTTCTT CTTTTCCTGC AGGGGTTGAG AGCTTTCTGC CTTAGCCTAC CATGTGAAAC 3137 TCTACCCTGA AGAAAGGGAT GGATAGGAAG TAGACCTCTT TTTCTTACCA GTCTCCTCCC 3197 CTACTCTGCC CCCTAAGCTG GCTGTACCTG TTCCTCCCCC ATAAAATGAT CCTGCCAATC 3257 TAAAAAAAAA A 3268 851 amino acids amino acid linear protein 2 Met Ala Gln Trp Glu Met Leu Gln Asn Leu Asp Ser Pro Phe Gln Asp 1 5 10 15 Gln Leu His Gln Leu Tyr Ser His Ser Leu Leu Pro Val Asp Ile Arg 20 25 30 Gln Tyr Leu Ala Val Trp Ile Glu Asp Gln Asn Trp Gln Glu Ala Ala 35 40 45 Leu Gly Ser Asp Asp Ser Lys Ala Thr Met Leu Phe Phe His Phe Leu 50 55 60 Asp Gln Leu Asn Tyr Glu Cys Gly Arg Cys Ser Gln Asp Pro Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Leu Leu Leu Gln His Asn Leu Arg Lys Phe Cys Arg Asp Ile Gln Pro 85 90 95 Phe Ser Gln Asp Pro Thr Gln Leu Ala Glu Met Ile Phe Asn Leu Leu 100 105 110 Leu Glu Glu Lys Arg Ile Leu Ile Gln Ala Gln Arg Ala Gln Leu Glu 115 120 125 Gln Gly Glu Pro Val Leu Glu Thr Pro Val Glu Ser Gln Gln His Glu 130 135 140 Ile Glu Ser Arg Ile Leu Asp Leu Arg Ala Met Met Glu Lys Leu Val 145 150 155 160 Lys Ser Ile Ser Gln Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Asp Val Phe Cys Phe Arg 165 170 175 Tyr Lys Ile Gln Ala Lys Gly Lys Thr Pro Ser Leu Asp Pro His Gln 180 185 190 Thr Lys Glu Gln Lys Ile Leu Gln Glu Thr Leu Asn Glu Leu Asp Lys 195 200 205 Arg Arg Lys Glu Val Leu Asp Ala Ser Lys Ala Leu Leu Gly Arg Leu 210 215 220 Thr Thr Leu Ile Glu Leu Leu Leu Pro Lys Leu Glu Glu Trp Lys Ala 225 230 235 240 Gln Gln Gln Lys Ala Cys Ile Arg Ala Pro Ile Asp His Gly Leu Glu 245 250 255 Gln Leu Glu Thr Trp Phe Thr Ala Gly Ala Lys Leu Leu Phe His Leu 260 265 270 Arg Gln Leu Leu Lys Glu Leu Lys Gly Leu Ser Cys Leu Val Ser Tyr 275 280 285 Gln Asp Asp Pro Leu Thr Lys Gly Val Asp Leu Arg Asn Ala Gln Val 290 295 300 Thr Glu Leu Leu Gln Arg Leu Leu His Arg Ala Phe Val Val Glu Thr 305 310 315 320 Gln Pro Cys Met Pro Gln Thr Pro His Arg Pro Leu Ile Leu Lys Thr 325 330 335 Gly Ser Lys Phe Thr Val Arg Thr Arg Leu Leu Val Arg Leu Gln Glu 340 345 350 Gly Asn Glu Ser Leu Thr Val Glu Val Ser Ile Asp Arg Asn Pro Pro 355 360 365 Gln Leu Gln Gly Phe Arg Lys Phe Asn Ile Leu Thr Ser Asn Gln Lys 370 375 380 Thr Leu Thr Pro Glu Lys Gly Gln Ser Gln Gly Leu Ile Trp Asp Phe 385 390 395 400 Gly Tyr Leu Thr Leu Val Glu Gln Arg Ser Gly Gly Ser Gly Lys Gly 405 410 415 Ser Asn Lys Gly Pro Leu Gly Val Thr Glu Glu Leu His Ile Ile Ser 420 425 430 Phe Thr Val Lys Tyr Thr Tyr Gln Gly Leu Lys Gln Glu Leu Lys Thr 435 440 445 Asp Thr Leu Pro Val Val Ile Ile Ser Asn Met Asn Gln Leu Ser Ile 450 455 460 Ala Trp Ala Ser Val Leu Trp Phe Asn Leu Leu Ser Pro Asn Leu Gln 465 470 475 480 Asn Gln Gln Phe Phe Ser Asn Pro Pro Lys Ala Pro Trp Ser Leu Leu 485 490 495 Gly Pro Ala Leu Ser Trp Gln Phe Ser Ser Tyr Val Gly Arg Gly Leu 500 505 510 Asn Ser Asp Gln Leu Ser Met Leu Arg Asn Lys Leu Phe Gly Gln Asn 515 520 525 Cys Arg Thr Glu Asp Pro Leu Leu Ser Trp Ala Asp Phe Thr Lys Arg 530 535 540 Glu Ser Pro Pro Gly Lys Leu Pro Phe Trp Thr Trp Leu Asp Lys Ile 545 550 555 560 Leu Glu Leu Val His Asp His Leu Lys Asp Leu Trp Asn Asp Gly Arg 565 570 575 Ile Met Gly Phe Val Ser Arg Ser Gln Glu Arg Arg Leu Leu Lys Lys 580 585 590 Thr Met Ser Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu Arg Phe Ser Glu Ser Ser Glu Gly 595 600 605 Gly Ile Thr Cys Ser Trp Val Glu His Gln Asp Asp Asp Lys Val Leu 610 615 620 Ile Tyr Ser Val Gln Pro Tyr Thr Lys Glu Val Leu Gln Ser Leu Pro 625 630 635 640 Leu Thr Glu Ile Ile Arg His Tyr Gln Leu Leu Thr Glu Glu Asn Ile 645 650 655 Pro Glu Asn Pro Leu Arg Phe Leu Tyr Pro Arg Ile Pro Arg Asp Glu 660 665 670 Ala Phe Gly Cys Tyr Tyr Gln Glu Lys Val Asn Leu Gln Glu Arg Arg 675 680 685 Lys Tyr Leu Lys His Arg Leu Ile Val Val Ser Asn Arg Gln Val Asp 690 695 700 Glu Leu Gln Gln Pro Leu Glu Leu Lys Pro Glu Pro Glu Leu Glu Ser 705 710 715 720 Leu Glu Leu Glu Leu Gly Leu Val Pro Glu Pro Glu Leu Ser Leu Asp 725 730 735 Leu Glu Pro Leu Leu Lys Ala Gly Leu Asp Leu Gly Pro Glu Leu Glu 740 745 750 Ser Val Leu Glu Ser Thr Leu Glu Pro Val Ile Glu Pro Thr Leu Cys 755 760 765 Met Val Ser Gln Thr Val Pro Glu Pro Asp Gln Gly Pro Val Ser Gln 770 775 780 Pro Val Pro Glu Pro Asp Leu Pro Cys Asp Leu Arg His Leu Asn Thr 785 790 795 800 Glu Pro Met Glu Ile Phe Arg Asn Cys Val Lys Ile Glu Glu Ile Met 805 810 815 Pro Asn Gly Asp Pro Leu Leu Ala Gly Gln Asn Thr Val Asp Glu Val 820 825 830 Tyr Val Ser Arg Pro Ser His Phe Tyr Thr Asp Gly Pro Leu Met Pro 835 840 845 Ser Asp Phe 850 3943 base pairs nucleic acid both unknown cDNA NO NO Homo sapiens Human Stat91 CDS 197..2449 3 ATTAAACCTC TCGCCGAGCC CCTCCGCAGA CTCTGCGCCG GAAAGTTTCA TTTGCTGTAT 60 GCCATCCTCG AGAGCTGTCT AGGTTAACGT TCGCACTCTG TGTATATAAC CTCGACAGTC 120 TTGGCACCTA ACGTGCTGTG CGTAGCTGCT CCTTTGGTTG AATCCCCAGG CCCTTGTTGG 180 GGCACAAGGT GGCAGG ATG TCT CAG TGG TAC GAA CTT CAG CAG CTT GAC 229 Met Ser Gln Trp Tyr Glu Leu Gln Gln Leu Asp 1 5 10 TCA AAA TTC CTG GAG CAG GTT CAC CAG CTT TAT GAT GAC AGT TTT CCC 277 Ser Lys Phe Leu Glu Gln Val His Gln Leu Tyr Asp Asp Ser Phe Pro 15 20 25 ATG GAA ATC AGA CAG TAC CTG GCA CAG TGG TTA GAA AAG CAA GAC TGG 325 Met Glu Ile Arg Gln Tyr Leu Ala Gln Trp Leu Glu Lys Gln Asp Trp 30 35 40 GAG CAC GCT GCC AAT GAT GTT TCA TTT GCC ACC ATC CGT TTT CAT GAC 373 Glu His Ala Ala Asn Asp Val Ser Phe Ala Thr Ile Arg Phe His Asp 45 50 55 CTC CTG TCA CAG CTG GAT GAT CAA TAT AGT CGC TTT TCT TTG GAG AAT 421 Leu Leu Ser Gln Leu Asp Asp Gln Tyr Ser Arg Phe Ser Leu Glu Asn 60 65 70 75 AAC TTC TTG CTA CAG CAT AAC ATA AGG AAA AGC AAG CGT AAT CTT CAG 469 Asn Phe Leu Leu Gln His Asn Ile Arg Lys Ser Lys Arg Asn Leu Gln 80 85 90 GAT AAT TTT CAG GAA GAC CCA ATC CAG ATG TCT ATG ATC ATT TAC AGC 517 Asp Asn Phe Gln Glu Asp Pro Ile Gln Met Ser Met Ile Ile Tyr Ser 95 100 105 TGT CTG AAG GAA GAA AGG AAA ATT CTG GAA AAC GCC CAG AGA TTT AAT 565 Cys Leu Lys Glu Glu Arg Lys Ile Leu Glu Asn Ala Gln Arg Phe Asn 110 115 120 CAG GCT CAG TCG GGG AAT ATT CAG AGC ACA GTG ATG TTA GAC AAA CAG 613 Gln Ala Gln Ser Gly Asn Ile Gln Ser Thr Val Met Leu Asp Lys Gln 125 130 135 AAA GAG CTT GAC AGT AAA GTC AGA AAT GTG AAG GAC AAG GTT ATG TGT 661 Lys Glu Leu Asp Ser Lys Val Arg Asn Val Lys Asp Lys Val Met Cys 140 145 150 155 ATA GAG CAT GAA ATC AAG AGC CTG GAA GAT TTA CAA GAT GAA TAT GAC 709 Ile Glu His Glu Ile Lys Ser Leu Glu Asp Leu Gln Asp Glu Tyr Asp 160 165 170 TTC AAA TGC AAA ACC TTG CAG AAC AGA GAA CAC GAG ACC AAT GGT GTG 757 Phe Lys Cys Lys Thr Leu Gln Asn Arg Glu His Glu Thr Asn Gly Val 175 180 185 GCA AAG AGT GAT CAG AAA CAA GAA CAG CTG TTA CTC AAG AAG ATG TAT 805 Ala Lys Ser Asp Gln Lys Gln Glu Gln Leu Leu Leu Lys Lys Met Tyr 190 195 200 TTA ATG CTT GAC AAT AAG AGA AAG GAA GTA GTT CAC AAA ATA ATA GAG 853 Leu Met Leu Asp Asn Lys Arg Lys Glu Val Val His Lys Ile Ile Glu 205 210 215 TTG CTG AAT GTC ACT GAA CTT ACC CAG AAT GCC CTG ATT AAT GAT GAA 901 Leu Leu Asn Val Thr Glu Leu Thr Gln Asn Ala Leu Ile Asn Asp Glu 220 225 230 235 CTA GTG GAG TGG AAG CGG AGA CAG CAG AGC GCC TGT ATT GGG GGG CCG 949 Leu Val Glu Trp Lys Arg Arg Gln Gln Ser Ala Cys Ile Gly Gly Pro 240 245 250 CCC AAT GCT TGC TTG GAT CAG CTG CAG AAC TGG TTC ACT ATA GTT GCG 997 Pro Asn Ala Cys Leu Asp Gln Leu Gln Asn Trp Phe Thr Ile Val Ala 255 260 265 GAG AGT CTG CAG CAA GTT CGG CAG CAG CTT AAA AAG TTG GAG GAA TTG 1045 Glu Ser Leu Gln Gln Val Arg Gln Gln Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Leu 270 275 280 GAA CAG AAA TAC ACC TAC GAA CAT GAC CCT ATC ACA AAA AAC AAA CAA 1093 Glu Gln Lys Tyr Thr Tyr Glu His Asp Pro Ile Thr Lys Asn Lys Gln 285 290 295 GTG TTA TGG GAC CGC ACC TTC AGT CTT TTC CAG CAG CTC ATT CAG AGC 1141 Val Leu Trp Asp Arg Thr Phe Ser Leu Phe Gln Gln Leu Ile Gln Ser 300 305 310 315 TCG TTT GTG GTG GAA AGA CAG CCC TGC ATG CCA ACG CAC CCT CAG AGG 1189 Ser Phe Val Val Glu Arg Gln Pro Cys Met Pro Thr His Pro Gln Arg 320 325 330 CCG CTG GTC TTG AAG ACA GGG GTC CAG TTC ACT GTG AAG TTG AGA CTG 1237 Pro Leu Val Leu Lys Thr Gly Val Gln Phe Thr Val Lys Leu Arg Leu 335 340 345 TTG GTG AAA TTG CAA GAG CTG AAT TAT AAT TTG AAA GTC AAA GTC TTA 1285 Leu Val Lys Leu Gln Glu Leu Asn Tyr Asn Leu Lys Val Lys Val Leu 350 355 360 TTT GAT AAA GAT GTG AAT GAG AGA AAT ACA GTA AAA GGA TTT AGG AAG 1333 Phe Asp Lys Asp Val Asn Glu Arg Asn Thr Val Lys Gly Phe Arg Lys 365 370 375 TTC AAC ATT TTG GGC ACG CAC ACA AAA GTG ATG AAC ATG GAG GAG TCC 1381 Phe Asn Ile Leu Gly Thr His Thr Lys Val Met Asn Met Glu Glu Ser 380 385 390 395 ACC AAT GGC AGT CTG GCG GCT GAA TTT CGG CAC CTG CAA TTG AAA GAA 1429 Thr Asn Gly Ser Leu Ala Ala Glu Phe Arg His Leu Gln Leu Lys Glu 400 405 410 CAG AAA AAT GCT GGC ACC AGA ACG AAT GAG GGT CCT CTC ATC GTT ACT 1477 Gln Lys Asn Ala Gly Thr Arg Thr Asn Glu Gly Pro Leu Ile Val Thr 415 420 425 GAA GAG CTT CAC TCC CTT AGT TTT GAA ACC CAA TTG TGC CAG CCT GGT 1525 Glu Glu Leu His Ser Leu Ser Phe Glu Thr Gln Leu Cys Gln Pro Gly 430 435 440 TTG GTA ATT GAC CTC GAG ACG ACC TCT CTG CCC GTT GTG GTG ATC TCC 1573 Leu Val Ile Asp Leu Glu Thr Thr Ser Leu Pro Val Val Val Ile Ser 445 450 455 AAC GTC AGC CAG CTC CCG AGC GGT TGG GCC TCC ATC CTT TGG TAC AAC 1621 Asn Val Ser Gln Leu Pro Ser Gly Trp Ala Ser Ile Leu Trp Tyr Asn 460 465 470 475 ATG CTG GTG GCG GAA CCC AGG AAT CTG TCC TTC TTC CTG ACT CCA CCA 1669 Met Leu Val Ala Glu Pro Arg Asn Leu Ser Phe Phe Leu Thr Pro Pro 480 485 490 TGT GCA CGA TGG GCT CAG CTT TCA GAA GTG CTG AGT TGG CAG TTT TCT 1717 Cys Ala Arg Trp Ala Gln Leu Ser Glu Val Leu Ser Trp Gln Phe Ser 495 500 505 TCT GTC ACC AAA AGA GGT CTC AAT GTG GAC CAG CTG AAC ATG TTG GGA 1765 Ser Val Thr Lys Arg Gly Leu Asn Val Asp Gln Leu Asn Met Leu Gly 510 515 520 GAG AAG CTT CTT GGT CCT AAC GCC AGC CCC GAT GGT CTC ATT CCG TGG 1813 Glu Lys Leu Leu Gly Pro Asn Ala Ser Pro Asp Gly Leu Ile Pro Trp 525 530 535 ACG AGG TTT TGT AAG GAA AAT ATA AAT GAT AAA AAT TTT CCC TTC TGG 1861 Thr Arg Phe Cys Lys Glu Asn Ile Asn Asp Lys Asn Phe Pro Phe Trp 540 545 550 555 CTT TGG ATT GAA AGC ATC CTA GAA CTC ATT AAA AAA CAC CTG CTC CCT 1909 Leu Trp Ile Glu Ser Ile Leu Glu Leu Ile Lys Lys His Leu Leu Pro 560 565 570 CTC TGG AAT GAT GGG TGC ATC ATG GGC TTC ATC AGC AAG GAG CGA GAG 1957 Leu Trp Asn Asp Gly Cys Ile Met Gly Phe Ile Ser Lys Glu Arg Glu 575 580 585 CGT GCC CTG TTG AAG GAC CAG CAG CCG GGG ACC TTC CTG CTG CGG TTC 2005 Arg Ala Leu Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Pro Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu Arg Phe 590 595 600 AGT GAG AGC TCC CGG GAA GGG GCC ATC ACA TTC ACA TGG GTG GAG CGG 2053 Ser Glu Ser Ser Arg Glu Gly Ala Ile Thr Phe Thr Trp Val Glu Arg 605 610 615 TCC CAG AAC GGA GGC GAA CCT GAC TTC CAT GCG GTT GAA CCC TAC ACG 2101 Ser Gln Asn Gly Gly Glu Pro Asp Phe His Ala Val Glu Pro Tyr Thr 620 625 630 635 AAG AAA GAA CTT TCT GCT GTT ACT TTC CCT GAC ATC ATT CGC AAT TAC 2149 Lys Lys Glu Leu Ser Ala Val Thr Phe Pro Asp Ile Ile Arg Asn Tyr 640 645 650 AAA GTC ATG GCT GCT GAG AAT ATT CCT GAG AAT CCC CTG AAG TAT CTG 2197 Lys Val Met Ala Ala Glu Asn Ile Pro Glu Asn Pro Leu Lys Tyr Leu 655 660 665 TAT CCA AAT ATT GAC AAA GAC CAT GCC TTT GGA AAG TAT TAC TCC AGG 2245 Tyr Pro Asn Ile Asp Lys Asp His Ala Phe Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Arg 670 675 680 CCA AAG GAA GCA CCA GAG CCA ATG GAA CTT GAT GGC CCT AAA GGA ACT 2293 Pro Lys Glu Ala Pro Glu Pro Met Glu Leu Asp Gly Pro Lys Gly Thr 685 690 695 GGA TAT ATC AAG ACT GAG TTG ATT TCT GTG TCT GAA GTT CAC CCT TCT 2341 Gly Tyr Ile Lys Thr Glu Leu Ile Ser Val Ser Glu Val His Pro Ser 700 705 710 715 AGA CTT CAG ACC ACA GAC AAC CTG CTC CCC ATG TCT CCT GAG GAG TTT 2389 Arg Leu Gln Thr Thr Asp Asn Leu Leu Pro Met Ser Pro Glu Glu Phe 720 725 730 GAC GAG GTG TCT CGG ATA GTG GGC TCT GTA GAA TTC GAC AGT ATG ATG 2437 Asp Glu Val Ser Arg Ile Val Gly Ser Val Glu Phe Asp Ser Met Met 735 740 745 AAC ACA GTA TAGAGCATGA ATTTTTTTCA TCTTCTCTGG CGACAGTTTT 2486 Asn Thr Val 750 CCTTCTCATC TGTGATTCCC TCCTGCTACT CTGTTCCTTC ACATCCTGTG TTTCTAGGGA 2546 AATGAAAGAA AGGCCAGCAA ATTCGCTGCA ACCTGTTGAT AGCAAGTGAA TTTTTCTCTA 2606 ACTCAGAAAC ATCAGTTACT CTGAAGGGCA TCATGCATCT TACTGAAGGT AAAATTGAAA 2666 GGCATTCTCT GAAGAGTGGG TTTCACAAGT GAAAAACATC CAGATACACC CAAAGTATCA 2726 GGACGAGAAT GAGGGTCCTT TGGGAAAGGA GAAGTTAAGC AACATCTAGC AAATGTTATG 2786 CATAAAGTCA GTGCCCAACT GTTATAGGTT GTTGGATAAA TCAGTGGTTA TTTAGGGAAC 2846 TGCTTGACGT AGGAACGGTA AATTTCTGTG GGAGAATTCT TACATGTTTT CTTTGCTTTA 2906 AGTGTAACTG GCAGTTTTCC ATTGGTTTAC CTGTGAAATA GTTCAAAGCC AAGTTTATAT 2966 ACAATTATAT CAGTCCTCTT TCAAAGGTAG CCATCATGGA TCTGGTAGGG GGAAAATGTG 3026 TATTTTATTA CATCTTTCAC ATTGGCTATT TAAAGACAAA GACAAATTCT GTTTCTTGAG 3086 AAGAGAACAT TTCCAAATTC ACAAGTTGTG TTTGATATCC AAAGCTGAAT ACATTCTGCT 3146 TTCATCTTGG TCACATACAA TTATTTTTAC AGTTCTCCCA AGGGAGTTAG GCTATTCACA 3206 ACCACTCATT CAAAAGTTGA AATTAACCAT AGATGTAGAT AAACTCAGAA ATTTAATTCA 3266 TGTTTCTTAA ATGGGCTACT TTGTCCTTTT TGTTATTAGG GTGGTATTTA GTCTATTAGC 3326 CACAAAATTG GGAAAGGAGT AGAAAAAGCA GTAACTGACA ACTTGAATAA TACACCAGAG 3386 ATAATATGAG AATCAGATCA TTTCAAAACT CATTTCCTAT GTAACTGCAT TGAGAACTGC 3446 ATATGTTTCG CTGATATATG TGTTTTTCAC ATTTGCGAAT GGTTCCATTC TCTCTCCTGT 3506 ACTTTTTCCA GACACTTTTT TGAGTGGATG ATGTTTCGTG AAGTATACTG TATTTTTACC 3566 TTTTTCCTTC CTTATCACTG ACACAAAAAG TAGATTAAGA GATGGGTTTG ACAAGGTTCT 3626 TCCCTTTTAC ATACTGCTGT CTATGTGGCT GTATCTTGTT TTTCCACTAC TGCTACCACA 3686 ACTATATTAT CATGCAAATG CTGTATTCTT CTTTGGTGGA GATAAAGATT TCTTGAGTTT 3746 TGTTTTAAAA TTAAAGCTAA AGTATCTGTA TTGCATTAAA TATAATATCG ACACAGTGCT 3806 TTCCGTGGCA CTGCATACAA TCTGAGGCCT CCTCTCTCAG TTTTTATATA GATGGCGAGA 3866 ACCTAAGTTT CAGTTGATTT TACAATTGAA ATGACTAAAA AACAAAGAAG ACAACATTAA 3926 AAACAATATT GTTTCTA 3943 750 amino acids amino acid linear protein 4 Met Ser Gln Trp Tyr Glu Leu Gln Gln Leu Asp Ser Lys Phe Leu Glu 1 5 10 15 Gln Val His Gln Leu Tyr Asp Asp Ser Phe Pro Met Glu Ile Arg Gln 20 25 30 Tyr Leu Ala Gln Trp Leu Glu Lys Gln Asp Trp Glu His Ala Ala Asn 35 40 45 Asp Val Ser Phe Ala Thr Ile Arg Phe His Asp Leu Leu Ser Gln Leu 50 55 60 Asp Asp Gln Tyr Ser Arg Phe Ser Leu Glu Asn Asn Phe Leu Leu Gln 65 70 75 80 His Asn Ile Arg Lys Ser Lys Arg Asn Leu Gln Asp Asn Phe Gln Glu 85 90 95 Asp Pro Ile Gln Met Ser Met Ile Ile Tyr Ser Cys Leu Lys Glu Glu 100 105 110 Arg Lys Ile Leu Glu Asn Ala Gln Arg Phe Asn Gln Ala Gln Ser Gly 115 120 125 Asn Ile Gln Ser Thr Val Met Leu Asp Lys Gln Lys Glu Leu Asp Ser 130 135 140 Lys Val Arg Asn Val Lys Asp Lys Val Met Cys Ile Glu His Glu Ile 145 150 155 160 Lys Ser Leu Glu Asp Leu Gln Asp Glu Tyr Asp Phe Lys Cys Lys Thr 165 170 175 Leu Gln Asn Arg Glu His Glu Thr Asn Gly Val Ala Lys Ser Asp Gln 180 185 190 Lys Gln Glu Gln Leu Leu Leu Lys Lys Met Tyr Leu Met Leu Asp Asn 195 200 205 Lys Arg Lys Glu Val Val His Lys Ile Ile Glu Leu Leu Asn Val Thr 210 215 220 Glu Leu Thr Gln Asn Ala Leu Ile Asn Asp Glu Leu Val Glu Trp Lys 225 230 235 240 Arg Arg Gln Gln Ser Ala Cys Ile Gly Gly Pro Pro Asn Ala Cys Leu 245 250 255 Asp Gln Leu Gln Asn Trp Phe Thr Ile Val Ala Glu Ser Leu Gln Gln 260 265 270 Val Arg Gln Gln Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Leu Glu Gln Lys Tyr Thr 275 280 285 Tyr Glu His Asp Pro Ile Thr Lys Asn Lys Gln Val Leu Trp Asp Arg 290 295 300 Thr Phe Ser Leu Phe Gln Gln Leu Ile Gln Ser Ser Phe Val Val Glu 305 310 315 320 Arg Gln Pro Cys Met Pro Thr His Pro Gln Arg Pro Leu Val Leu Lys 325 330 335 Thr Gly Val Gln Phe Thr Val Lys Leu Arg Leu Leu Val Lys Leu Gln 340 345 350 Glu Leu Asn Tyr Asn Leu Lys Val Lys Val Leu Phe Asp Lys Asp Val 355 360 365 Asn Glu Arg Asn Thr Val Lys Gly Phe Arg Lys Phe Asn Ile Leu Gly 370 375 380 Thr His Thr Lys Val Met Asn Met Glu Glu Ser Thr Asn Gly Ser Leu 385 390 395 400 Ala Ala Glu Phe Arg His Leu Gln Leu Lys Glu Gln Lys Asn Ala Gly 405 410 415 Thr Arg Thr Asn Glu Gly Pro Leu Ile Val Thr Glu Glu Leu His Ser 420 425 430 Leu Ser Phe Glu Thr Gln Leu Cys Gln Pro Gly Leu Val Ile Asp Leu 435 440 445 Glu Thr Thr Ser Leu Pro Val Val Val Ile Ser Asn Val Ser Gln Leu 450 455 460 Pro Ser Gly Trp Ala Ser Ile Leu Trp Tyr Asn Met Leu Val Ala Glu 465 470 475 480 Pro Arg Asn Leu Ser Phe Phe Leu Thr Pro Pro Cys Ala Arg Trp Ala 485 490 495 Gln Leu Ser Glu Val Leu Ser Trp Gln Phe Ser Ser Val Thr Lys Arg 500 505 510 Gly Leu Asn Val Asp Gln Leu Asn Met Leu Gly Glu Lys Leu Leu Gly 515 520 525 Pro Asn Ala Ser Pro Asp Gly Leu Ile Pro Trp Thr Arg Phe Cys Lys 530 535 540 Glu Asn Ile Asn Asp Lys Asn Phe Pro Phe Trp Leu Trp Ile Glu Ser 545 550 555 560 Ile Leu Glu Leu Ile Lys Lys His Leu Leu Pro Leu Trp Asn Asp Gly 565 570 575 Cys Ile Met Gly Phe Ile Ser Lys Glu Arg Glu Arg Ala Leu Leu Lys 580 585 590 Asp Gln Gln Pro Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu Arg Phe Ser Glu Ser Ser Arg 595 600 605 Glu Gly Ala Ile Thr Phe Thr Trp Val Glu Arg Ser Gln Asn Gly Gly 610 615 620 Glu Pro Asp Phe His Ala Val Glu Pro Tyr Thr Lys Lys Glu Leu Ser 625 630 635 640 Ala Val Thr Phe Pro Asp Ile Ile Arg Asn Tyr Lys Val Met Ala Ala 645 650 655 Glu Asn Ile Pro Glu Asn Pro Leu Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Pro Asn Ile Asp 660 665 670 Lys Asp His Ala Phe Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Arg Pro Lys Glu Ala Pro 675 680 685 Glu Pro Met Glu Leu Asp Gly Pro Lys Gly Thr Gly Tyr Ile Lys Thr 690 695 700 Glu Leu Ile Ser Val Ser Glu Val His Pro Ser Arg Leu Gln Thr Thr 705 710 715 720 Asp Asn Leu Leu Pro Met Ser Pro Glu Glu Phe Asp Glu Val Ser Arg 725 730 735 Ile Val Gly Ser Val Glu Phe Asp Ser Met Met Asn Thr Val 740 745 750 2607 base pairs nucleic acid both unknown cDNA NO NO Homo sapiens CDS 197..2335 5 ATTAAACCTC TCGCCGAGCC CCTCCGCAGA CTCTGCGCCG GAAAGTTTCA TTTGCTGTAT 60 GCCATCCTCG AGAGCTGTCT AGGTTAACGT TCGCACTCTG TGTATATAAC CTCGACAGTC 120 TTGGCACCTA ACGTGCTGTG CGTAGCTGCT CCTTTGGTTG AATCCCCAGG CCCTTGTTGG 180 GGCACAAGGT GGCAGG ATG TCT CAG TGG TAC GAA CTT CAG CAG CTT GAC 229 Met Ser Gln Trp Tyr Glu Leu Gln Gln Leu Asp 1 5 10 TCA AAA TTC CTG GAG CAG GTT CAC CAG CTT TAT GAT GAC AGT TTT CCC 277 Ser Lys Phe Leu Glu Gln Val His Gln Leu Tyr Asp Asp Ser Phe Pro 15 20 25 ATG GAA ATC AGA CAG TAC CTG GCA CAG TGG TTA GAA AAG CAA GAC TGG 325 Met Glu Ile Arg Gln Tyr Leu Ala Gln Trp Leu Glu Lys Gln Asp Trp 30 35 40 GAG CAC GCT GCC AAT GAT GTT TCA TTT GCC ACC ATC CGT TTT CAT GAC 373 Glu His Ala Ala Asn Asp Val Ser Phe Ala Thr Ile Arg Phe His Asp 45 50 55 CTC CTG TCA CAG CTG GAT GAT CAA TAT AGT CGC TTT TCT TTG GAG AAT 421 Leu Leu Ser Gln Leu Asp Asp Gln Tyr Ser Arg Phe Ser Leu Glu Asn 60 65 70 75 AAC TTC TTG CTA CAG CAT AAC ATA AGG AAA AGC AAG CGT AAT CTT CAG 469 Asn Phe Leu Leu Gln His Asn Ile Arg Lys Ser Lys Arg Asn Leu Gln 80 85 90 GAT AAT TTT CAG GAA GAC CCA ATC CAG ATG TCT ATG ATC ATT TAC AGC 517 Asp Asn Phe Gln Glu Asp Pro Ile Gln Met Ser Met Ile Ile Tyr Ser 95 100 105 TGT CTG AAG GAA GAA AGG AAA ATT CTG GAA AAC GCC CAG AGA TTT AAT 565 Cys Leu Lys Glu Glu Arg Lys Ile Leu Glu Asn Ala Gln Arg Phe Asn 110 115 120 CAG GCT CAG TCG GGG AAT ATT CAG AGC ACA GTG ATG TTA GAC AAA CAG 613 Gln Ala Gln Ser Gly Asn Ile Gln Ser Thr Val Met Leu Asp Lys Gln 125 130 135 AAA GAG CTT GAC AGT AAA GTC AGA AAT GTG AAG GAC AAG GTT ATG TGT 661 Lys Glu Leu Asp Ser Lys Val Arg Asn Val Lys Asp Lys Val Met Cys 140 145 150 155 ATA GAG CAT GAA ATC AAG AGC CTG GAA GAT TTA CAA GAT GAA TAT GAC 709 Ile Glu His Glu Ile Lys Ser Leu Glu Asp Leu Gln Asp Glu Tyr Asp 160 165 170 TTC AAA TGC AAA ACC TTG CAG AAC AGA GAA CAC GAG ACC AAT GGT GTG 757 Phe Lys Cys Lys Thr Leu Gln Asn Arg Glu His Glu Thr Asn Gly Val 175 180 185 GCA AAG AGT GAT CAG AAA CAA GAA CAG CTG TTA CTC AAG AAG ATG TAT 805 Ala Lys Ser Asp Gln Lys Gln Glu Gln Leu Leu Leu Lys Lys Met Tyr 190 195 200 TTA ATG CTT GAC AAT AAG AGA AAG GAA GTA GTT CAC AAA ATA ATA GAG 853 Leu Met Leu Asp Asn Lys Arg Lys Glu Val Val His Lys Ile Ile Glu 205 210 215 TTG CTG AAT GTC ACT GAA CTT ACC CAG AAT GCC CTG ATT AAT GAT GAA 901 Leu Leu Asn Val Thr Glu Leu Thr Gln Asn Ala Leu Ile Asn Asp Glu 220 225 230 235 CTA GTG GAG TGG AAG CGG AGA CAG CAG AGC GCC TGT ATT GGG GGG CCG 949 Leu Val Glu Trp Lys Arg Arg Gln Gln Ser Ala Cys Ile Gly Gly Pro 240 245 250 CCC AAT GCT TGC TTG GAT CAG CTG CAG AAC TGG TTC ACT ATA GTT GCG 997 Pro Asn Ala Cys Leu Asp Gln Leu Gln Asn Trp Phe Thr Ile Val Ala 255 260 265 GAG AGT CTG CAG CAA GTT CGG CAG CAG CTT AAA AAG TTG GAG GAA TTG 1045 Glu Ser Leu Gln Gln Val Arg Gln Gln Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Leu 270 275 280 GAA CAG AAA TAC ACC TAC GAA CAT GAC CCT ATC ACA AAA AAC AAA CAA 1093 Glu Gln Lys Tyr Thr Tyr Glu His Asp Pro Ile Thr Lys Asn Lys Gln 285 290 295 GTG TTA TGG GAC CGC ACC TTC AGT CTT TTC CAG CAG CTC ATT CAG AGC 1141 Val Leu Trp Asp Arg Thr Phe Ser Leu Phe Gln Gln Leu Ile Gln Ser 300 305 310 315 TCG TTT GTG GTG GAA AGA CAG CCC TGC ATG CCA ACG CAC CCT CAG AGG 1189 Ser Phe Val Val Glu Arg Gln Pro Cys Met Pro Thr His Pro Gln Arg 320 325 330 CCG CTG GTC TTG AAG ACA GGG GTC CAG TTC ACT GTG AAG TTG AGA CTG 1237 Pro Leu Val Leu Lys Thr Gly Val Gln Phe Thr Val Lys Leu Arg Leu 335 340 345 TTG GTG AAA TTG CAA GAG CTG AAT TAT AAT TTG AAA GTC AAA GTC TTA 1285 Leu Val Lys Leu Gln Glu Leu Asn Tyr Asn Leu Lys Val Lys Val Leu 350 355 360 TTT GAT AAA GAT GTG AAT GAG AGA AAT ACA GTA AAA GGA TTT AGG AAG 1333 Phe Asp Lys Asp Val Asn Glu Arg Asn Thr Val Lys Gly Phe Arg Lys 365 370 375 TTC AAC ATT TTG GGC ACG CAC ACA AAA GTG ATG AAC ATG GAG GAG TCC 1381 Phe Asn Ile Leu Gly Thr His Thr Lys Val Met Asn Met Glu Glu Ser 380 385 390 395 ACC AAT GGC AGT CTG GCG GCT GAA TTT CGG CAC CTG CAA TTG AAA GAA 1429 Thr Asn Gly Ser Leu Ala Ala Glu Phe Arg His Leu Gln Leu Lys Glu 400 405 410 CAG AAA AAT GCT GGC ACC AGA ACG AAT GAG GGT CCT CTC ATC GTT ACT 1477 Gln Lys Asn Ala Gly Thr Arg Thr Asn Glu Gly Pro Leu Ile Val Thr 415 420 425 GAA GAG CTT CAC TCC CTT AGT TTT GAA ACC CAA TTG TGC CAG CCT GGT 1525 Glu Glu Leu His Ser Leu Ser Phe Glu Thr Gln Leu Cys Gln Pro Gly 430 435 440 TTG GTA ATT GAC CTC GAG ACG ACC TCT CTG CCC GTT GTG GTG ATC TCC 1573 Leu Val Ile Asp Leu Glu Thr Thr Ser Leu Pro Val Val Val Ile Ser 445 450 455 AAC GTC AGC CAG CTC CCG AGC GGT TGG GCC TCC ATC CTT TGG TAC AAC 1621 Asn Val Ser Gln Leu Pro Ser Gly Trp Ala Ser Ile Leu Trp Tyr Asn 460 465 470 475 ATG CTG GTG GCG GAA CCC AGG AAT CTG TCC TTC TTC CTG ACT CCA CCA 1669 Met Leu Val Ala Glu Pro Arg Asn Leu Ser Phe Phe Leu Thr Pro Pro 480 485 490 TGT GCA CGA TGG GCT CAG CTT TCA GAA GTG CTG AGT TGG CAG TTT TCT 1717 Cys Ala Arg Trp Ala Gln Leu Ser Glu Val Leu Ser Trp Gln Phe Ser 495 500 505 TCT GTC ACC AAA AGA GGT CTC AAT GTG GAC CAG CTG AAC ATG TTG GGA 1765 Ser Val Thr Lys Arg Gly Leu Asn Val Asp Gln Leu Asn Met Leu Gly 510 515 520 GAG AAG CTT CTT GGT CCT AAC GCC AGC CCC GAT GGT CTC ATT CCG TGG 1813 Glu Lys Leu Leu Gly Pro Asn Ala Ser Pro Asp Gly Leu Ile Pro Trp 525 530 535 ACG AGG TTT TGT AAG GAA AAT ATA AAT GAT AAA AAT TTT CCC TTC TGG 1861 Thr Arg Phe Cys Lys Glu Asn Ile Asn Asp Lys Asn Phe Pro Phe Trp 540 545 550 555 CTT TGG ATT GAA AGC ATC CTA GAA CTC ATT AAA AAA CAC CTG CTC CCT 1909 Leu Trp Ile Glu Ser Ile Leu Glu Leu Ile Lys Lys His Leu Leu Pro 560 565 570 CTC TGG AAT GAT GGG TGC ATC ATG GGC TTC ATC AGC AAG GAG CGA GAG 1957 Leu Trp Asn Asp Gly Cys Ile Met Gly Phe Ile Ser Lys Glu Arg Glu 575 580 585 CGT GCC CTG TTG AAG GAC CAG CAG CCG GGG ACC TTC CTG CTG CGG TTC 2005 Arg Ala Leu Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Pro Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu Arg Phe 590 595 600 AGT GAG AGC TCC CGG GAA GGG GCC ATC ACA TTC ACA TGG GTG GAG CGG 2053 Ser Glu Ser Ser Arg Glu Gly Ala Ile Thr Phe Thr Trp Val Glu Arg 605 610 615 TCC CAG AAC GGA GGC GAA CCT GAC TTC CAT GCG GTT GAA CCC TAC ACG 2101 Ser Gln Asn Gly Gly Glu Pro Asp Phe His Ala Val Glu Pro Tyr Thr 620 625 630 635 AAG AAA GAA CTT TCT GCT GTT ACT TTC CCT GAC ATC ATT CGC AAT TAC 2149 Lys Lys Glu Leu Ser Ala Val Thr Phe Pro Asp Ile Ile Arg Asn Tyr 640 645 650 AAA GTC ATG GCT GCT GAG AAT ATT CCT GAG AAT CCC CTG AAG TAT CTG 2197 Lys Val Met Ala Ala Glu Asn Ile Pro Glu Asn Pro Leu Lys Tyr Leu 655 660 665 TAT CCA AAT ATT GAC AAA GAC CAT GCC TTT GGA AAG TAT TAC TCC AGG 2245 Tyr Pro Asn Ile Asp Lys Asp His Ala Phe Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Arg 670 675 680 CCA AAG GAA GCA CCA GAG CCA ATG GAA CTT GAT GGC CCT AAA GGA ACT 2293 Pro Lys Glu Ala Pro Glu Pro Met Glu Leu Asp Gly Pro Lys Gly Thr 685 690 695 GGA TAT ATC AAG ACT GAG TTG ATT TCT GTG TCT GAA GTG TAAGTGAACA 2342 Gly Tyr Ile Lys Thr Glu Leu Ile Ser Val Ser Glu Val 700 705 710 CAGAAGAGTG ACATGTTTAC AAACCTCAAG CCAGCCTTGC TCCTGGCTGG GGCCTGTTGA 2402 AGATGCTTGT ATTTTACTTT TCCATTGTAA TTGCTATCGC CATCACAGCT GAACTTGTTG 2462 AGATCCCCGT GTTACTGCCT ATCAGCATTT TACTACTTTA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAGCCAA 2522 AAACCAAATT TGTATTTAAG GTATATAAAT TTTCCCAAAA CTGATACCCT TTGAAAAAGT 2582 ATAAATAAAA TGAGCAAAAG TTGAA 2607 712 amino acids amino acid linear protein 6 Met Ser Gln Trp Tyr Glu Leu Gln Gln Leu Asp Ser Lys Phe Leu Glu 1 5 10 15 Gln Val His Gln Leu Tyr Asp Asp Ser Phe Pro Met Glu Ile Arg Gln 20 25 30 Tyr Leu Ala Gln Trp Leu Glu Lys Gln Asp Trp Glu His Ala Ala Asn 35 40 45 Asp Val Ser Phe Ala Thr Ile Arg Phe His Asp Leu Leu Ser Gln Leu 50 55 60 Asp Asp Gln Tyr Ser Arg Phe Ser Leu Glu Asn Asn Phe Leu Leu Gln 65 70 75 80 His Asn Ile Arg Lys Ser Lys Arg Asn Leu Gln Asp Asn Phe Gln Glu 85 90 95 Asp Pro Ile Gln Met Ser Met Ile Ile Tyr Ser Cys Leu Lys Glu Glu 100 105 110 Arg Lys Ile Leu Glu Asn Ala Gln Arg Phe Asn Gln Ala Gln Ser Gly 115 120 125 Asn Ile Gln Ser Thr Val Met Leu Asp Lys Gln Lys Glu Leu Asp Ser 130 135 140 Lys Val Arg Asn Val Lys Asp Lys Val Met Cys Ile Glu His Glu Ile 145 150 155 160 Lys Ser Leu Glu Asp Leu Gln Asp Glu Tyr Asp Phe Lys Cys Lys Thr 165 170 175 Leu Gln Asn Arg Glu His Glu Thr Asn Gly Val Ala Lys Ser Asp Gln 180 185 190 Lys Gln Glu Gln Leu Leu Leu Lys Lys Met Tyr Leu Met Leu Asp Asn 195 200 205 Lys Arg Lys Glu Val Val His Lys Ile Ile Glu Leu Leu Asn Val Thr 210 215 220 Glu Leu Thr Gln Asn Ala Leu Ile Asn Asp Glu Leu Val Glu Trp Lys 225 230 235 240 Arg Arg Gln Gln Ser Ala Cys Ile Gly Gly Pro Pro Asn Ala Cys Leu 245 250 255 Asp Gln Leu Gln Asn Trp Phe Thr Ile Val Ala Glu Ser Leu Gln Gln 260 265 270 Val Arg Gln Gln Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Leu Glu Gln Lys Tyr Thr 275 280 285 Tyr Glu His Asp Pro Ile Thr Lys Asn Lys Gln Val Leu Trp Asp Arg 290 295 300 Thr Phe Ser Leu Phe Gln Gln Leu Ile Gln Ser Ser Phe Val Val Glu 305 310 315 320 Arg Gln Pro Cys Met Pro Thr His Pro Gln Arg Pro Leu Val Leu Lys 325 330 335 Thr Gly Val Gln Phe Thr Val Lys Leu Arg Leu Leu Val Lys Leu Gln 340 345 350 Glu Leu Asn Tyr Asn Leu Lys Val Lys Val Leu Phe Asp Lys Asp Val 355 360 365 Asn Glu Arg Asn Thr Val Lys Gly Phe Arg Lys Phe Asn Ile Leu Gly 370 375 380 Thr His Thr Lys Val Met Asn Met Glu Glu Ser Thr Asn Gly Ser Leu 385 390 395 400 Ala Ala Glu Phe Arg His Leu Gln Leu Lys Glu Gln Lys Asn Ala Gly 405 410 415 Thr Arg Thr Asn Glu Gly Pro Leu Ile Val Thr Glu Glu Leu His Ser 420 425 430 Leu Ser Phe Glu Thr Gln Leu Cys Gln Pro Gly Leu Val Ile Asp Leu 435 440 445 Glu Thr Thr Ser Leu Pro Val Val Val Ile Ser Asn Val Ser Gln Leu 450 455 460 Pro Ser Gly Trp Ala Ser Ile Leu Trp Tyr Asn Met Leu Val Ala Glu 465 470 475 480 Pro Arg Asn Leu Ser Phe Phe Leu Thr Pro Pro Cys Ala Arg Trp Ala 485 490 495 Gln Leu Ser Glu Val Leu Ser Trp Gln Phe Ser Ser Val Thr Lys Arg 500 505 510 Gly Leu Asn Val Asp Gln Leu Asn Met Leu Gly Glu Lys Leu Leu Gly 515 520 525 Pro Asn Ala Ser Pro Asp Gly Leu Ile Pro Trp Thr Arg Phe Cys Lys 530 535 540 Glu Asn Ile Asn Asp Lys Asn Phe Pro Phe Trp Leu Trp Ile Glu Ser 545 550 555 560 Ile Leu Glu Leu Ile Lys Lys His Leu Leu Pro Leu Trp Asn Asp Gly 565 570 575 Cys Ile Met Gly Phe Ile Ser Lys Glu Arg Glu Arg Ala Leu Leu Lys 580 585 590 Asp Gln Gln Pro Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu Arg Phe Ser Glu Ser Ser Arg 595 600 605 Glu Gly Ala Ile Thr Phe Thr Trp Val Glu Arg Ser Gln Asn Gly Gly 610 615 620 Glu Pro Asp Phe His Ala Val Glu Pro Tyr Thr Lys Lys Glu Leu Ser 625 630 635 640 Ala Val Thr Phe Pro Asp Ile Ile Arg Asn Tyr Lys Val Met Ala Ala 645 650 655 Glu Asn Ile Pro Glu Asn Pro Leu Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Pro Asn Ile Asp 660 665 670 Lys Asp His Ala Phe Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Arg Pro Lys Glu Ala Pro 675 680 685 Glu Pro Met Glu Leu Asp Gly Pro Lys Gly Thr Gly Tyr Ile Lys Thr 690 695 700 Glu Leu Ile Ser Val Ser Glu Val 705 710 2277 base pairs nucleic acid both unknown cDNA NO NO Mouse Murine Stat91 CDS 5..2251 7 CAGG ATG TCA CAG TGG TTC GAG CTT CAG CAG CTG GAC TCC AAG TTC CTG 49 Met Ser Gln Trp Phe Glu Leu Gln Gln Leu Asp Ser Lys Phe Leu 1 5 10 15 GAG CAG GTC CAC CAG CTG TAC GAT GAC AGT TTC CCC ATG GAA ATC AGA 97 Glu Gln Val His Gln Leu Tyr Asp Asp Ser Phe Pro Met Glu Ile Arg 20 25 30 CAG TAC CTG GCC CAG TGG CTG GAA AAG CAA GAC TGG GAG CAC GCT GCC 145 Gln Tyr Leu Ala Gln Trp Leu Glu Lys Gln Asp Trp Glu His Ala Ala 35 40 45 TAT GAT GTC TCG TTT GCG ACC ATC CGC TTC CAT GAC CTC CTC TCA CAG 193 Tyr Asp Val Ser Phe Ala Thr Ile Arg Phe His Asp Leu Leu Ser Gln 50 55 60 CTG GAC GAC CAG TAC AGC CGC TTT TCT CTG GAG AAT AAT TTC TTG TTG 241 Leu Asp Asp Gln Tyr Ser Arg Phe Ser Leu Glu Asn Asn Phe Leu Leu 65 70 75 CAG CAC AAC ATA CGG AAA AGC AAG CGT AAT CTC CAG GAT AAC TTC CAA 289 Gln His Asn Ile Arg Lys Ser Lys Arg Asn Leu Gln Asp Asn Phe Gln 80 85 90 95 GAA GAT CCC GTA CAG ATG TCC ATG ATC ATC TAC AAC TGT CTG AAG GAA 337 Glu Asp Pro Val Gln Met Ser Met Ile Ile Tyr Asn Cys Leu Lys Glu 100 105 110 GAA AGG AAG ATT TTG GAA AAT GCC CAA AGA TTT AAT CAG GCC CAG GAG 385 Glu Arg Lys Ile Leu Glu Asn Ala Gln Arg Phe Asn Gln Ala Gln Glu 115 120 125 GGA AAT ATT CAG AAC ACT GTG ATG TTA GAT AAA CAG AAG GAG CTG GAC 433 Gly Asn Ile Gln Asn Thr Val Met Leu Asp Lys Gln Lys Glu Leu Asp 130 135 140 AGT AAA GTC AGA AAT GTG AAG GAT CAA GTC ATG TGC ATA GAG CAG GAA 481 Ser Lys Val Arg Asn Val Lys Asp Gln Val Met Cys Ile Glu Gln Glu 145 150 155 ATC AAG ACC CTA GAA GAA TTA CAA GAT GAA TAT GAC TTT AAA TGC AAA 529 Ile Lys Thr Leu Glu Glu Leu Gln Asp Glu Tyr Asp Phe Lys Cys Lys 160 165 170 175 ACC TCT CAG AAC AGA GAA GGT GAA GCC AAT GGT GTG GCG AAG AGC GAC 577 Thr Ser Gln Asn Arg Glu Gly Glu Ala Asn Gly Val Ala Lys Ser Asp 180 185 190 CAA AAA CAG GAA CAG CTG CTG CTC CAC AAG ATG TTT TTA ATG CTT GAC 625 Gln Lys Gln Glu Gln Leu Leu Leu His Lys Met Phe Leu Met Leu Asp 195 200 205 AAT AAG AGA AAG GAG ATA ATT CAC AAA ATC AGA GAG TTG CTG AAT TCC 673 Asn Lys Arg Lys Glu Ile Ile His Lys Ile Arg Glu Leu Leu Asn Ser 210 215 220 ATC GAG CTC ACT CAG AAC ACT CTG ATT AAT GAC GAG CTC GTG GAG TGG 721 Ile Glu Leu Thr Gln Asn Thr Leu Ile Asn Asp Glu Leu Val Glu Trp 225 230 235 AAG CGA AGG CAG CAG AGC GCC TGC ATC GGG GGA CCG CCC AAC GCC TGC 769 Lys Arg Arg Gln Gln Ser Ala Cys Ile Gly Gly Pro Pro Asn Ala Cys 240 245 250 255 CTG GAT CAG CTG CAA ACG TGG TTC ACC ATT GTT GCA GAG ACC CTG CAG 817 Leu Asp Gln Leu Gln Thr Trp Phe Thr Ile Val Ala Glu Thr Leu Gln 260 265 270 CAG ATC CGT CAG CAG CTT AAA AAG CTG GAG GAG TTG GAA CAG AAA TTC 865 Gln Ile Arg Gln Gln Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Leu Glu Gln Lys Phe 275 280 285 ACC TAT GAG CCC GAC CCT ATT ACA AAA AAC AAG CAG GTG TTG TCA GAT 913 Thr Tyr Glu Pro Asp Pro Ile Thr Lys Asn Lys Gln Val Leu Ser Asp 290 295 300 CGA ACC TTC CTC CTC TTC CAG CAG CTC ATT CAG AGC TCC TTC GTG GTA 961 Arg Thr Phe Leu Leu Phe Gln Gln Leu Ile Gln Ser Ser Phe Val Val 305 310 315 GAA CGA CAG CCG TGC ATG CCC ACT CAC CCG CAG AGG CCC CTG GTC TTG 1009 Glu Arg Gln Pro Cys Met Pro Thr His Pro Gln Arg Pro Leu Val Leu 320 325 330 335 AAG ACT GGG GTA CAG TTC ACT GTC AAG TCG AGA CTG TTG GTG AAA TTG 1057 Lys Thr Gly Val Gln Phe Thr Val Lys Ser Arg Leu Leu Val Lys Leu 340 345 350 CAA GAG TCG AAT CTA TTA ACG AAA GTG AAA TGT CAC TTT GAC AAA GAT 1105 Gln Glu Ser Asn Leu Leu Thr Lys Val Lys Cys His Phe Asp Lys Asp 355 360 365 GTG AAC GAG AAA AAC ACA GTT AAA GGA TTT CGG AAG TTC AAC ATC TTG 1153 Val Asn Glu Lys Asn Thr Val Lys Gly Phe Arg Lys Phe Asn Ile Leu 370 375 380 GGT ACG CAC ACA AAA GTG ATG AAC ATG GAA GAA TCC ACC AAC GGA AGT 1201 Gly Thr His Thr Lys Val Met Asn Met Glu Glu Ser Thr Asn Gly Ser 385 390 395 CTG GCA GCT GAG CTC CGA CAC CTG CAA CTG AAG GAA CAG AAA AAC GCT 1249 Leu Ala Ala Glu Leu Arg His Leu Gln Leu Lys Glu Gln Lys Asn Ala 400 405 410 415 GGG AAC AGA ACT AAT GAG GGG CCT CTC ATT GTC ACC GAA GAA CTT CAC 1297 Gly Asn Arg Thr Asn Glu Gly Pro Leu Ile Val Thr Glu Glu Leu His 420 425 430 TCT CTT AGC TTT GAA ACC CAG TTG TGC CAG CCA GGC TTG GTG ATT GAC 1345 Ser Leu Ser Phe Glu Thr Gln Leu Cys Gln Pro Gly Leu Val Ile Asp 435 440 445 CTG GAG ACC ACC TCT CTT CCT GTC GTG GTG ATC TCC AAC GTC AGC CAG 1393 Leu Glu Thr Thr Ser Leu Pro Val Val Val Ile Ser Asn Val Ser Gln 450 455 460 CTC CCC AGT GGC TGG GCG TCT ATC CTG TGG TAC AAC ATG CTG GTG ACA 1441 Leu Pro Ser Gly Trp Ala Ser Ile Leu Trp Tyr Asn Met Leu Val Thr 465 470 475 GAG CCC AGG AAT CTC TCC TTC TTC CTG AAC CCC CCG TGC GCG TGG TGG 1489 Glu Pro Arg Asn Leu Ser Phe Phe Leu Asn Pro Pro Cys Ala Trp Trp 480 485 490 495 TCC CAG CTC TCA GAG GTG TTG AGT TGG CAG TTT TCA TCA GTC ACC AAG 1537 Ser Gln Leu Ser Glu Val Leu Ser Trp Gln Phe Ser Ser Val Thr Lys 500 505 510 AGA GGT CTG AAC GCA GAC CAG CTG AGC ATG CTG GGA GAG AAG CTG CTG 1585 Arg Gly Leu Asn Ala Asp Gln Leu Ser Met Leu Gly Glu Lys Leu Leu 515 520 525 GGC CCT AAT GCT GGC CCT GAT GGT CTT ATT CCA TGG ACA AGG TTT TGT 1633 Gly Pro Asn Ala Gly Pro Asp Gly Leu Ile Pro Trp Thr Arg Phe Cys 530 535 540 AAG GAA AAT ATT AAT GAT AAA AAT TTC TCC TTC TGG CCT TGG ATT GAC 1681 Lys Glu Asn Ile Asn Asp Lys Asn Phe Ser Phe Trp Pro Trp Ile Asp 545 550 555 ACC ATC CTA GAG CTC ATT AAG AAC GAC CTG CTG TGC CTC TGG AAT GAT 1729 Thr Ile Leu Glu Leu Ile Lys Asn Asp Leu Leu Cys Leu Trp Asn Asp 560 565 570 575 GGG TGC ATT ATG GGC TTC ATC AGC AAG GAG CGA GAA CGC GCT CTG CTC 1777 Gly Cys Ile Met Gly Phe Ile Ser Lys Glu Arg Glu Arg Ala Leu Leu 580 585 590 AAG GAC CAG CAG CCA GGG ACG TTC CTG CTT AGA TTC AGT GAG AGC TCC 1825 Lys Asp Gln Gln Pro Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu Arg Phe Ser Glu Ser Ser 595 600 605 CGG GAA GGG GCC ATC ACA TTC ACA TGG GTG GAA CGG TCC CAG AAC GGA 1873 Arg Glu Gly Ala Ile Thr Phe Thr Trp Val Glu Arg Ser Gln Asn Gly 610 615 620 GGT GAA CCT GAC TTC CAT GCC GTG GAG CCC TAC ACG AAA AAA GAA CTT 1921 Gly Glu Pro Asp Phe His Ala Val Glu Pro Tyr Thr Lys Lys Glu Leu 625 630 635 TCA GCT GTT ACT TTC CCA GAT ATT ATT CGC AAC TAC AAA GTC ATG GCT 1969 Ser Ala Val Thr Phe Pro Asp Ile Ile Arg Asn Tyr Lys Val Met Ala 640 645 650 655 GCC GAG AAC ATA CCA GAG AAT CCC CTG AAG TAT CTG TAC CCC AAT ATT 2017 Ala Glu Asn Ile Pro Glu Asn Pro Leu Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Pro Asn Ile 660 665 670 GAC AAA GAC CAC GCC TTT GGG AAG TAT TAT TCC AGA CCA AAG GAA GCA 2065 Asp Lys Asp His Ala Phe Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Arg Pro Lys Glu Ala 675 680 685 CCA GAA CCG ATG GAG CTT GAC GAC CCT AAG CGA ACT GGA TAC ATC AAG 2113 Pro Glu Pro Met Glu Leu Asp Asp Pro Lys Arg Thr Gly Tyr Ile Lys 690 695 700 ACT GAG TTG ATT TCT GTG TCT GAA GTC CAC CCT TCT AGA CTT CAG ACC 2161 Thr Glu Leu Ile Ser Val Ser Glu Val His Pro Ser Arg Leu Gln Thr 705 710 715 ACA GAC AAC CTG CTT CCC ATG TCT CCA GAG GAG TTT GAT GAG ATG TCC 2209 Thr Asp Asn Leu Leu Pro Met Ser Pro Glu Glu Phe Asp Glu Met Ser 720 725 730 735 CGG ATA GTG GGC CCC GAA TTT GAC AGT ATG ATG AGC ACA GTA 2251 Arg Ile Val Gly Pro Glu Phe Asp Ser Met Met Ser Thr Val 740 745 TAAACACGAA TTTCTCTCTG GCGACA 2277 749 amino acids amino acid linear protein 8 Met Ser Gln Trp Phe Glu Leu Gln Gln Leu Asp Ser Lys Phe Leu Glu 1 5 10 15 Gln Val His Gln Leu Tyr Asp Asp Ser Phe Pro Met Glu Ile Arg Gln 20 25 30 Tyr Leu Ala Gln Trp Leu Glu Lys Gln Asp Trp Glu His Ala Ala Tyr 35 40 45 Asp Val Ser Phe Ala Thr Ile Arg Phe His Asp Leu Leu Ser Gln Leu 50 55 60 Asp Asp Gln Tyr Ser Arg Phe Ser Leu Glu Asn Asn Phe Leu Leu Gln 65 70 75 80 His Asn Ile Arg Lys Ser Lys Arg Asn Leu Gln Asp Asn Phe Gln Glu 85 90 95 Asp Pro Val Gln Met Ser Met Ile Ile Tyr Asn Cys Leu Lys Glu Glu 100 105 110 Arg Lys Ile Leu Glu Asn Ala Gln Arg Phe Asn Gln Ala Gln Glu Gly 115 120 125 Asn Ile Gln Asn Thr Val Met Leu Asp Lys Gln Lys Glu Leu Asp Ser 130 135 140 Lys Val Arg Asn Val Lys Asp Gln Val Met Cys Ile Glu Gln Glu Ile 145 150 155 160 Lys Thr Leu Glu Glu Leu Gln Asp Glu Tyr Asp Phe Lys Cys Lys Thr 165 170 175 Ser Gln Asn Arg Glu Gly Glu Ala Asn Gly Val Ala Lys Ser Asp Gln 180 185 190 Lys Gln Glu Gln Leu Leu Leu His Lys Met Phe Leu Met Leu Asp Asn 195 200 205 Lys Arg Lys Glu Ile Ile His Lys Ile Arg Glu Leu Leu Asn Ser Ile 210 215 220 Glu Leu Thr Gln Asn Thr Leu Ile Asn Asp Glu Leu Val Glu Trp Lys 225 230 235 240 Arg Arg Gln Gln Ser Ala Cys Ile Gly Gly Pro Pro Asn Ala Cys Leu 245 250 255 Asp Gln Leu Gln Thr Trp Phe Thr Ile Val Ala Glu Thr Leu Gln Gln 260 265 270 Ile Arg Gln Gln Leu Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Leu Glu Gln Lys Phe Thr 275 280 285 Tyr Glu Pro Asp Pro Ile Thr Lys Asn Lys Gln Val Leu Ser Asp Arg 290 295 300 Thr Phe Leu Leu Phe Gln Gln Leu Ile Gln Ser Ser Phe Val Val Glu 305 310 315 320 Arg Gln Pro Cys Met Pro Thr His Pro Gln Arg Pro Leu Val Leu Lys 325 330 335 Thr Gly Val Gln Phe Thr Val Lys Ser Arg Leu Leu Val Lys Leu Gln 340 345 350 Glu Ser Asn Leu Leu Thr Lys Val Lys Cys His Phe Asp Lys Asp Val 355 360 365 Asn Glu Lys Asn Thr Val Lys Gly Phe Arg Lys Phe Asn Ile Leu Gly 370 375 380 Thr His Thr Lys Val Met Asn Met Glu Glu Ser Thr Asn Gly Ser Leu 385 390 395 400 Ala Ala Glu Leu Arg His Leu Gln Leu Lys Glu Gln Lys Asn Ala Gly 405 410 415 Asn Arg Thr Asn Glu Gly Pro Leu Ile Val Thr Glu Glu Leu His Ser 420 425 430 Leu Ser Phe Glu Thr Gln Leu Cys Gln Pro Gly Leu Val Ile Asp Leu 435 440 445 Glu Thr Thr Ser Leu Pro Val Val Val Ile Ser Asn Val Ser Gln Leu 450 455 460 Pro Ser Gly Trp Ala Ser Ile Leu Trp Tyr Asn Met Leu Val Thr Glu 465 470 475 480 Pro Arg Asn Leu Ser Phe Phe Leu Asn Pro Pro Cys Ala Trp Trp Ser 485 490 495 Gln Leu Ser Glu Val Leu Ser Trp Gln Phe Ser Ser Val Thr Lys Arg 500 505 510 Gly Leu Asn Ala Asp Gln Leu Ser Met Leu Gly Glu Lys Leu Leu Gly 515 520 525 Pro Asn Ala Gly Pro Asp Gly Leu Ile Pro Trp Thr Arg Phe Cys Lys 530 535 540 Glu Asn Ile Asn Asp Lys Asn Phe Ser Phe Trp Pro Trp Ile Asp Thr 545 550 555 560 Ile Leu Glu Leu Ile Lys Asn Asp Leu Leu Cys Leu Trp Asn Asp Gly 565 570 575 Cys Ile Met Gly Phe Ile Ser Lys Glu Arg Glu Arg Ala Leu Leu Lys 580 585 590 Asp Gln Gln Pro Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu Arg Phe Ser Glu Ser Ser Arg 595 600 605 Glu Gly Ala Ile Thr Phe Thr Trp Val Glu Arg Ser Gln Asn Gly Gly 610 615 620 Glu Pro Asp Phe His Ala Val Glu Pro Tyr Thr Lys Lys Glu Leu Ser 625 630 635 640 Ala Val Thr Phe Pro Asp Ile Ile Arg Asn Tyr Lys Val Met Ala Ala 645 650 655 Glu Asn Ile Pro Glu Asn Pro Leu Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Pro Asn Ile Asp 660 665 670 Lys Asp His Ala Phe Gly Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Arg Pro Lys Glu Ala Pro 675 680 685 Glu Pro Met Glu Leu Asp Asp Pro Lys Arg Thr Gly Tyr Ile Lys Thr 690 695 700 Glu Leu Ile Ser Val Ser Glu Val His Pro Ser Arg Leu Gln Thr Thr 705 710 715 720 Asp Asn Leu Leu Pro Met Ser Pro Glu Glu Phe Asp Glu Met Ser Arg 725 730 735 Ile Val Gly Pro Glu Phe Asp Ser Met Met Ser Thr Val 740 745 2375 base pairs nucleic acid both unknown cDNA NO NO Mouse splenic/thymic Murine 13sf1 CDS 34..2277 9 TGCCACTACC TGGACGGAGA GAGAGAGAGC AGC ATG TCT CAG TGG AAT CAA GTC 54 Met Ser Gln Trp Asn Gln Val 1 5 CAA CAA TTA GAA ATC AAG TTT TTG GAG CAA GTA GAT CAG TTC TAT GAT 102 Gln Gln Leu Glu Ile Lys Phe Leu Glu Gln Val Asp Gln Phe Tyr Asp 10 15 20 GAC AAC TTT CCT ATG GAA ATC CGG CAT CTG CTA GCT CAG TGG ATT GAG 150 Asp Asn Phe Pro Met Glu Ile Arg His Leu Leu Ala Gln Trp Ile Glu 25 30 35 ACT CAA GAC TGG GAA GTA GCT TCT AAC AAT GAA ACT ATG GCA ACA ATT 198 Thr Gln Asp Trp Glu Val Ala Ser Asn Asn Glu Thr Met Ala Thr Ile 40 45 50 55 CTG CTT CAA AAC TTA CTA ATA CAA TTG GAT GAA CAG TTG GGG CGG GTT 246 Leu Leu Gln Asn Leu Leu Ile Gln Leu Asp Glu Gln Leu Gly Arg Val 60 65 70 TCC AAA GAA AAA AAT CTG CTA TTG ATT CAC AAT CTA AAG AGA ATT AGA 294 Ser Lys Glu Lys Asn Leu Leu Leu Ile His Asn Leu Lys Arg Ile Arg 75 80 85 AAA GTT CTT CAG GGC AAG TTT CAT GGA AAT CCA ATG CAT GTA GCT GTG 342 Lys Val Leu Gln Gly Lys Phe His Gly Asn Pro Met His Val Ala Val 90 95 100 GTA ATT TCA AAT TGC TTA AGG GAA GAG AGG AGA ATA TTG GCT GCA GCC 390 Val Ile Ser Asn Cys Leu Arg Glu Glu Arg Arg Ile Leu Ala Ala Ala 105 110 115 AAC ATG CCT ATC CAG GGA CCT CTG GAG AAA TCC TTA CAG AGT TCT TCA 438 Asn Met Pro Ile Gln Gly Pro Leu Glu Lys Ser Leu Gln Ser Ser Ser 120 125 130 135 GTT TCT GAA AGA CAA AGG AAT GTG GAA CAC AAA GTG TCT GCC ATT AAA 486 Val Ser Glu Arg Gln Arg Asn Val Glu His Lys Val Ser Ala Ile Lys 140 145 150 AAC AGT GTG CAG ATG ACA GAA CAA GAT ACC AAA TAC TTA GAA GAC CTG 534 Asn Ser Val Gln Met Thr Glu Gln Asp Thr Lys Tyr Leu Glu Asp Leu 155 160 165 CAA GAT GAG TTT GAC TAC AGG TAT AAA ACA ATT CAG ACA ATG GAT CAG 582 Gln Asp Glu Phe Asp Tyr Arg Tyr Lys Thr Ile Gln Thr Met Asp Gln 170 175 180 GGT GAC AAA AAC AGT ATC CTG GTG AAC CAG GAA GTT TTG ACA CTG CTG 630 Gly Asp Lys Asn Ser Ile Leu Val Asn Gln Glu Val Leu Thr Leu Leu 185 190 195 CAA GAA ATG CTT AAT AGT CTG GAC TTC AAG AGA AAG GAA GCA CTC AGT 678 Gln Glu Met Leu Asn Ser Leu Asp Phe Lys Arg Lys Glu Ala Leu Ser 200 205 210 215 AAG ATG ACG CAG ATA GTG AAC GAG ACA GAC CTG CTC ATG AAC AGC ATG 726 Lys Met Thr Gln Ile Val Asn Glu Thr Asp Leu Leu Met Asn Ser Met 220 225 230 CTT CTA GAA GAG CTG CAG GAC TGG AAA AAG CGG CAC AGG ATT GCC TGC 774 Leu Leu Glu Glu Leu Gln Asp Trp Lys Lys Arg His Arg Ile Ala Cys 235 240 245 ATT GGT GGC CCG CTC CAC AAT GGG CTG GAC CAG CTT CAG AAC TGC TTT 822 Ile Gly Gly Pro Leu His Asn Gly Leu Asp Gln Leu Gln Asn Cys Phe 250 255 260 ACC CTA CTG GCA GAG AGT CTT TTC CAA CTC AGA CAG CAA CTG GAG AAA 870 Thr Leu Leu Ala Glu Ser Leu Phe Gln Leu Arg Gln Gln Leu Glu Lys 265 270 275 CTA CAG GAG CAA TCT ACT AAA ATG ACC TAT GAA GGG GAT CCC ATC CCT 918 Leu Gln Glu Gln Ser Thr Lys Met Thr Tyr Glu Gly Asp Pro Ile Pro 280 285 290 295 GCT CAA AGA GCA CAC CTC CTG GAA AGA GCT ACC TTC CTG ATC TAC AAC 966 Ala Gln Arg Ala His Leu Leu Glu Arg Ala Thr Phe Leu Ile Tyr Asn 300 305 310 CTT TTC AAG AAC TCA TTT GTG GTC GAG CGA CAC GCA TGC ATG CCA ACG 1014 Leu Phe Lys Asn Ser Phe Val Val Glu Arg His Ala Cys Met Pro Thr 315 320 325 CAC CCT CAG AGG CCG ATG GTA CTT AAA ACC CTC ATT CAG TTC ACT GTA 1062 His Pro Gln Arg Pro Met Val Leu Lys Thr Leu Ile Gln Phe Thr Val 330 335 340 AAA CTG AGA TTA CTA ATA AAA TTG CCG GAA CTA AAC TAT CAG GTG AAA 1110 Lys Leu Arg Leu Leu Ile Lys Leu Pro Glu Leu Asn Tyr Gln Val Lys 345 350 355 GTA AAG GCG TCC ATT GAC AAG AAT GTT TCA ACT CTA AGC AAT AGA AGA 1158 Val Lys Ala Ser Ile Asp Lys Asn Val Ser Thr Leu Ser Asn Arg Arg 360 365 370 375 TTT GTG CTT TGT GGA ACT CAC GTC AAA GCT ATG TCC AGT GAG GAA TCT 1206 Phe Val Leu Cys Gly Thr His Val Lys Ala Met Ser Ser Glu Glu Ser 380 385 390 TCC AAT GGG AGC CTC TCA GTG GAG TTA GAC ATT GCA ACC CAA GGA GAT 1254 Ser Asn Gly Ser Leu Ser Val Glu Leu Asp Ile Ala Thr Gln Gly Asp 395 400 405 GAA GTG CAG TAC TGG AGT AAA GGA AAC GAG GGC TGC CAC ATG GTG ACA 1302 Glu Val Gln Tyr Trp Ser Lys Gly Asn Glu Gly Cys His Met Val Thr 410 415 420 GAG GAG TTG CAT TCC ATA ACC TTT GAG ACC CAG ATC TGC CTC TAT GGC 1350 Glu Glu Leu His Ser Ile Thr Phe Glu Thr Gln Ile Cys Leu Tyr Gly 425 430 435 CTC ACC ATT AAC CTA GAG ACC AGC TCA TTA CCT GTC GTG ATG ATT TCT 1398 Leu Thr Ile Asn Leu Glu Thr Ser Ser Leu Pro Val Val Met Ile Ser 440 445 450 455 AAT GTC AGC CAA CTA CCT AAT GCA TGG GCA TCC ATC ATT TGG TAC AAT 1446 Asn Val Ser Gln Leu Pro Asn Ala Trp Ala Ser Ile Ile Trp Tyr Asn 460 465 470 GTA TCA ACT AAC GAC TCC CAG AAC TTG GTT TTC TTT AAT AAC CCT CCA 1494 Val Ser Thr Asn Asp Ser Gln Asn Leu Val Phe Phe Asn Asn Pro Pro 475 480 485 TCT GTC ACT TTG GGC CAA CTC CTG GAA GTG ATG AGC TGG CAA TTT TCA 1542 Ser Val Thr Leu Gly Gln Leu Leu Glu Val Met Ser Trp Gln Phe Ser 490 495 500 TCC TAT GTC GGT CGT GGC CTT AAT TCA GAG CAG CTC AAC ATG CTG GCA 1590 Ser Tyr Val Gly Arg Gly Leu Asn Ser Glu Gln Leu Asn Met Leu Ala 505 510 515 GAG AAG CTC ACA GTT CAG TCT AAC TAC AAT GAT GGT CAC CTC ACC TGG 1638 Glu Lys Leu Thr Val Gln Ser Asn Tyr Asn Asp Gly His Leu Thr Trp 520 525 530 535 GCC AAG TTC TGC AAG GAA CAT TTG CCT GGC AAA ACA TTT ACC TTC TGG 1686 Ala Lys Phe Cys Lys Glu His Leu Pro Gly Lys Thr Phe Thr Phe Trp 540 545 550 ACT TGG CTT GAA GCA ATA TTG GAC CTA ATT AAA AAA CAT ATT CTT CCC 1734 Thr Trp Leu Glu Ala Ile Leu Asp Leu Ile Lys Lys His Ile Leu Pro 555 560 565 CTC TGG ATT GAT GGG TAC ATC ATG GGA TTT GTT AGT AAA GAG AAG GAA 1782 Leu Trp Ile Asp Gly Tyr Ile Met Gly Phe Val Ser Lys Glu Lys Glu 570 575 580 CGG CTT CTG CTC AAA GAT AAA ATG CCT GGG ACA TTT TTG TTA AGA TTC 1830 Arg Leu Leu Leu Lys Asp Lys Met Pro Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu Arg Phe 585 590 595 AGT GAG AGC CAT CTT GGA GGG ATA ACC TTC ACC TGG GTG GAC CAA TCT 1878 Ser Glu Ser His Leu Gly Gly Ile Thr Phe Thr Trp Val Asp Gln Ser 600 605 610 615 GAA AAT GGA GAA GTG AGA TTC CAC TCT GTA GAA CCC TAC AAC AAA GGG 1926 Glu Asn Gly Glu Val Arg Phe His Ser Val Glu Pro Tyr Asn Lys Gly 620 625 630 AGA CTG TCG GCT CTG GCC TTC GCT GAC ATC CTG CGA GAC TAC AAG GTT 1974 Arg Leu Ser Ala Leu Ala Phe Ala Asp Ile Leu Arg Asp Tyr Lys Val 635 640 645 ATC ATG GCT GAA AAC ATC CCT GAA AAC CCT CTG AAG TAC CTC TAC CCT 2022 Ile Met Ala Glu Asn Ile Pro Glu Asn Pro Leu Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Pro 650 655 660 GAC ATT CCC AAA GAC AAA GCC TTT GGC AAA CAC TAC AGC TCC CAG CCG 2070 Asp Ile Pro Lys Asp Lys Ala Phe Gly Lys His Tyr Ser Ser Gln Pro 665 670 675 TGC GAA GTC TCA AGA CCA ACC GAA CGG GGA GAC AAG GGT TAC GTC CCC 2118 Cys Glu Val Ser Arg Pro Thr Glu Arg Gly Asp Lys Gly Tyr Val Pro 680 685 690 695 TCT GTT TTT ATC CCC ATT TCA ACA ATC CGA AGC GAT TCC ACG GAG CCA 2166 Ser Val Phe Ile Pro Ile Ser Thr Ile Arg Ser Asp Ser Thr Glu Pro 700 705 710 CAA TCT CCT TCA GAC CTT CTC CCC ATG TCT CCA AGT GCA TAT GCT GTG 2214 Gln Ser Pro Ser Asp Leu Leu Pro Met Ser Pro Ser Ala Tyr Ala Val 715 720 725 CTG AGA GAA AAC CTG AGC CCA ACG ACA ATT GAA ACT GCA ATG AAT TCC 2262 Leu Arg Glu Asn Leu Ser Pro Thr Thr Ile Glu Thr Ala Met Asn Ser 730 735 740 CCA TAT TCT GCT GAA TGACGGTGCA AACGGACACT TTAAAGAAGG AAGCAGATGA 2317 Pro Tyr Ser Ala Glu 745 AACTGGAGAG TGTTCTTTAC CATAGATCAC AATTTATTTC TTCGGCTTTG TAAATACC 2375 748 amino acids amino acid linear protein 10 Met Ser Gln Trp Asn Gln Val Gln Gln Leu Glu Ile Lys Phe Leu Glu 1 5 10 15 Gln Val Asp Gln Phe Tyr Asp Asp Asn Phe Pro Met Glu Ile Arg His 20 25 30 Leu Leu Ala Gln Trp Ile Glu Thr Gln Asp Trp Glu Val Ala Ser Asn 35 40 45 Asn Glu Thr Met Ala Thr Ile Leu Leu Gln Asn Leu Leu Ile Gln Leu 50 55 60 Asp Glu Gln Leu Gly Arg Val Ser Lys Glu Lys Asn Leu Leu Leu Ile 65 70 75 80 His Asn Leu Lys Arg Ile Arg Lys Val Leu Gln Gly Lys Phe His Gly 85 90 95 Asn Pro Met His Val Ala Val Val Ile Ser Asn Cys Leu Arg Glu Glu 100 105 110 Arg Arg Ile Leu Ala Ala Ala Asn Met Pro Ile Gln Gly Pro Leu Glu 115 120 125 Lys Ser Leu Gln Ser Ser Ser Val Ser Glu Arg Gln Arg Asn Val Glu 130 135 140 His Lys Val Ser Ala Ile Lys Asn Ser Val Gln Met Thr Glu Gln Asp 145 150 155 160 Thr Lys Tyr Leu Glu Asp Leu Gln Asp Glu Phe Asp Tyr Arg Tyr Lys 165 170 175 Thr Ile Gln Thr Met Asp Gln Gly Asp Lys Asn Ser Ile Leu Val Asn 180 185 190 Gln Glu Val Leu Thr Leu Leu Gln Glu Met Leu Asn Ser Leu Asp Phe 195 200 205 Lys Arg Lys Glu Ala Leu Ser Lys Met Thr Gln Ile Val Asn Glu Thr 210 215 220 Asp Leu Leu Met Asn Ser Met Leu Leu Glu Glu Leu Gln Asp Trp Lys 225 230 235 240 Lys Arg His Arg Ile Ala Cys Ile Gly Gly Pro Leu His Asn Gly Leu 245 250 255 Asp Gln Leu Gln Asn Cys Phe Thr Leu Leu Ala Glu Ser Leu Phe Gln 260 265 270 Leu Arg Gln Gln Leu Glu Lys Leu Gln Glu Gln Ser Thr Lys Met Thr 275 280 285 Tyr Glu Gly Asp Pro Ile Pro Ala Gln Arg Ala His Leu Leu Glu Arg 290 295 300 Ala Thr Phe Leu Ile Tyr Asn Leu Phe Lys Asn Ser Phe Val Val Glu 305 310 315 320 Arg His Ala Cys Met Pro Thr His Pro Gln Arg Pro Met Val Leu Lys 325 330 335 Thr Leu Ile Gln Phe Thr Val Lys Leu Arg Leu Leu Ile Lys Leu Pro 340 345 350 Glu Leu Asn Tyr Gln Val Lys Val Lys Ala Ser Ile Asp Lys Asn Val 355 360 365 Ser Thr Leu Ser Asn Arg Arg Phe Val Leu Cys Gly Thr His Val Lys 370 375 380 Ala Met Ser Ser Glu Glu Ser Ser Asn Gly Ser Leu Ser Val Glu Leu 385 390 395 400 Asp Ile Ala Thr Gln Gly Asp Glu Val Gln Tyr Trp Ser Lys Gly Asn 405 410 415 Glu Gly Cys His Met Val Thr Glu Glu Leu His Ser Ile Thr Phe Glu 420 425 430 Thr Gln Ile Cys Leu Tyr Gly Leu Thr Ile Asn Leu Glu Thr Ser Ser 435 440 445 Leu Pro Val Val Met Ile Ser Asn Val Ser Gln Leu Pro Asn Ala Trp 450 455 460 Ala Ser Ile Ile Trp Tyr Asn Val Ser Thr Asn Asp Ser Gln Asn Leu 465 470 475 480 Val Phe Phe Asn Asn Pro Pro Ser Val Thr Leu Gly Gln Leu Leu Glu 485 490 495 Val Met Ser Trp Gln Phe Ser Ser Tyr Val Gly Arg Gly Leu Asn Ser 500 505 510 Glu Gln Leu Asn Met Leu Ala Glu Lys Leu Thr Val Gln Ser Asn Tyr 515 520 525 Asn Asp Gly His Leu Thr Trp Ala Lys Phe Cys Lys Glu His Leu Pro 530 535 540 Gly Lys Thr Phe Thr Phe Trp Thr Trp Leu Glu Ala Ile Leu Asp Leu 545 550 555 560 Ile Lys Lys His Ile Leu Pro Leu Trp Ile Asp Gly Tyr Ile Met Gly 565 570 575 Phe Val Ser Lys Glu Lys Glu Arg Leu Leu Leu Lys Asp Lys Met Pro 580 585 590 Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu Arg Phe Ser Glu Ser His Leu Gly Gly Ile Thr 595 600 605 Phe Thr Trp Val Asp Gln Ser Glu Asn Gly Glu Val Arg Phe His Ser 610 615 620 Val Glu Pro Tyr Asn Lys Gly Arg Leu Ser Ala Leu Ala Phe Ala Asp 625 630 635 640 Ile Leu Arg Asp Tyr Lys Val Ile Met Ala Glu Asn Ile Pro Glu Asn 645 650 655 Pro Leu Lys Tyr Leu Tyr Pro Asp Ile Pro Lys Asp Lys Ala Phe Gly 660 665 670 Lys His Tyr Ser Ser Gln Pro Cys Glu Val Ser Arg Pro Thr Glu Arg 675 680 685 Gly Asp Lys Gly Tyr Val Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Pro Ile Ser Thr Ile 690 695 700 Arg Ser Asp Ser Thr Glu Pro Gln Ser Pro Ser Asp Leu Leu Pro Met 705 710 715 720 Ser Pro Ser Ala Tyr Ala Val Leu Arg Glu Asn Leu Ser Pro Thr Thr 725 730 735 Ile Glu Thr Ala Met Asn Ser Pro Tyr Ser Ala Glu 740 745 2869 base pairs nucleic acid both unknown cDNA NO NO Mouse splenic/thymic Murine 19sf6 CDS 69..2378 11 GCCGCGACCA GCCAGGCCGG CCAGTCGGGC TCAGCCCGGA GACAGTCGAG ACCCCTGACT 60 GCAGCAGG ATG GCT CAG TGG AAC CAG CTG CAG CAG CTG GAC ACA CGC TAC 110 Met Ala Gln Trp Asn Gln Leu Gln Gln Leu Asp Thr Arg Tyr 1 5 10 CTG AAG CAG CTG CAC CAG CTG TAC AGC GAC ACG TTC CCC ATG GAG CTG 158 Leu Lys Gln Leu His Gln Leu Tyr Ser Asp Thr Phe Pro Met Glu Leu 15 20 25 30 CGG CAG TTC CTG GCA CCT TGG ATT GAG AGT CAA GAC TGG GCA TAT GCA 206 Arg Gln Phe Leu Ala Pro Trp Ile Glu Ser Gln Asp Trp Ala Tyr Ala 35 40 45 GCC AGC AAA GAG TCA CAT GCC ACG TTG GTG TTT CAT AAT CTC TTG GGT 254 Ala Ser Lys Glu Ser His Ala Thr Leu Val Phe His Asn Leu Leu Gly 50 55 60 GAA ATT GAC CAG CAA TAT AGC CGA TTC CTG CAA GAG TCC AAT GTC CTC 302 Glu Ile Asp Gln Gln Tyr Ser Arg Phe Leu Gln Glu Ser Asn Val Leu 65 70 75 TAT CAG CAC AAC CTT CGA AGA ATC AAG CAG TTT CTG CAG AGC AGG TAT 350 Tyr Gln His Asn Leu Arg Arg Ile Lys Gln Phe Leu Gln Ser Arg Tyr 80 85 90 CTT GAG AAG CCA ATG GAA ATT GCC CGG ATC GTG GCC CGA TGC CTG TGG 398 Leu Glu Lys Pro Met Glu Ile Ala Arg Ile Val Ala Arg Cys Leu Trp 95 100 105 110 GAA GAG TCT CGC CTC CTC CAG ACG GCA GCC ACG GCA GCC CAG CAA GGG 446 Glu Glu Ser Arg Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ala Thr Ala Ala Gln Gln Gly 115 120 125 GGC CAG GCC AAC CAC CCA ACA GCC GCC GTA GTG ACA GAG AAG CAG CAG 494 Gly Gln Ala Asn His Pro Thr Ala Ala Val Val Thr Glu Lys Gln Gln 130 135 140 ATG TTG GAG CAG CAT CTT CAG GAT GTC CGG AAG CGA GTG CAG GAT CTA 542 Met Leu Glu Gln His Leu Gln Asp Val Arg Lys Arg Val Gln Asp Leu 145 150 155 GAA CAG AAA ATG AAG GTG GTG GAG AAC CTC CAG GAC GAC TTT GAT TTC 590 Glu Gln Lys Met Lys Val Val Glu Asn Leu Gln Asp Asp Phe Asp Phe 160 165 170 AAC TAC AAA ACC CTC AAG AGC CAA GGA GAC ATG CAG GAT CTG AAT GGA 638 Asn Tyr Lys Thr Leu Lys Ser Gln Gly Asp Met Gln Asp Leu Asn Gly 175 180 185 190 AAC AAC CAG TCT GTG ACC AGA CAG AAG ATG CAG CAG CTG GAA CAG ATG 686 Asn Asn Gln Ser Val Thr Arg Gln Lys Met Gln Gln Leu Glu Gln Met 195 200 205 CTC ACA GCC CTG GAC CAG ATG CGG AGA AGC ATT GTG AGT GAG CTG GCG 734 Leu Thr Ala Leu Asp Gln Met Arg Arg Ser Ile Val Ser Glu Leu Ala 210 215 220 GGG CTC TTG TCA GCA ATG GAG TAC GTG CAG AAG ACA CTG ACT GAT GAA 782 Gly Leu Leu Ser Ala Met Glu Tyr Val Gln Lys Thr Leu Thr Asp Glu 225 230 235 GAG CTG GCT GAC TGG AAG AGG CGG CCA GAG ATC GCG TGC ATC GGA GGC 830 Glu Leu Ala Asp Trp Lys Arg Arg Pro Glu Ile Ala Cys Ile Gly Gly 240 245 250 CCT CCC AAC ATC TGC CTG GAC CGT CTG GAA AAC TGG ATA ACT TCA TTA 878 Pro Pro Asn Ile Cys Leu Asp Arg Leu Glu Asn Trp Ile Thr Ser Leu 255 260 265 270 GCA GAA TCT CAA CTT CAG ACC CGC CAA CAA ATT AAG AAA CTG GAG GAG 926 Ala Glu Ser Gln Leu Gln Thr Arg Gln Gln Ile Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu 275 280 285 CTG CAG CAG AAA GTG TCC TAC AAG GGC GAC CCT ATC GTG CAG CAC CGG 974 Leu Gln Gln Lys Val Ser Tyr Lys Gly Asp Pro Ile Val Gln His Arg 290 295 300 CCC ATG CTG GAG GAG AGG ATC GTG GAG CTG TTC AGA AAC TTA ATG AAG 1022 Pro Met Leu Glu Glu Arg Ile Val Glu Leu Phe Arg Asn Leu Met Lys 305 310 315 AGT GCC TTC GTG GTG GAG CGG CAG CCC TGC ATG CCC ATG CAC CCG GAC 1070 Ser Ala Phe Val Val Glu Arg Gln Pro Cys Met Pro Met His Pro Asp 320 325 330 CGG CCC TTA GTC ATC AAG ACT GGT GTC CAG TTT ACC ACG AAA GTC AGG 1118 Arg Pro Leu Val Ile Lys Thr Gly Val Gln Phe Thr Thr Lys Val Arg 335 340 345 350 TTG CTG GTC AAA TTT CCT GAG TTG AAT TAT CAG CTT AAA ATT AAA GTG 1166 Leu Leu Val Lys Phe Pro Glu Leu Asn Tyr Gln Leu Lys Ile Lys Val 355 360 365 TGC ATT GAT AAA GAC TCT GGG GAT GTT GCT GCC CTC AGA GGG TCT CGG 1214 Cys Ile Asp Lys Asp Ser Gly Asp Val Ala Ala Leu Arg Gly Ser Arg 370 375 380 AAA TTT AAC ATT CTG GGC ACG AAC ACA AAA GTG ATG AAC ATG GAG GAG 1262 Lys Phe Asn Ile Leu Gly Thr Asn Thr Lys Val Met Asn Met Glu Glu 385 390 395 TCT AAC AAC GGC AGC CTG TCT GCA GAG TTC AAG CAC CTG ACC CTT AGG 1310 Ser Asn Asn Gly Ser Leu Ser Ala Glu Phe Lys His Leu Thr Leu Arg 400 405 410 GAG CAG AGA TGT GGG AAT GGA GGC CGT GCC AAT TGT GAT GCC TCC TTG 1358 Glu Gln Arg Cys Gly Asn Gly Gly Arg Ala Asn Cys Asp Ala Ser Leu 415 420 425 430 ATC GTG ACT GAG GAG CTG CAC CTG ATC ACC TTC GAG ACT GAG GTG TAC 1406 Ile Val Thr Glu Glu Leu His Leu Ile Thr Phe Glu Thr Glu Val Tyr 435 440 445 CAC CAA GGC CTC AAG ATT GAC CTA GAG ACC CAC TCC TTG CCA GTT GTG 1454 His Gln Gly Leu Lys Ile Asp Leu Glu Thr His Ser Leu Pro Val Val 450 455 460 GTG ATC TCC AAC ATC TGT CAG ATG CCA AAT GCT TGG GCA TCA ATC CTG 1502 Val Ile Ser Asn Ile Cys Gln Met Pro Asn Ala Trp Ala Ser Ile Leu 465 470 475 TGG TAT AAC ATG CTG ACC AAT AAC CCC AAG AAC GTG AAC TTC TTC ACT 1550 Trp Tyr Asn Met Leu Thr Asn Asn Pro Lys Asn Val Asn Phe Phe Thr 480 485 490 AAG CCG CCA ATT GGA ACC TGG GAC CAA GTG GCC GAG GTG CTC AGC TGG 1598 Lys Pro Pro Ile Gly Thr Trp Asp Gln Val Ala Glu Val Leu Ser Trp 495 500 505 510 CAG TTC TCG TCC ACC ACC AAG CGA GGG CTG AGC ATC GAG CAG CTG ACA 1646 Gln Phe Ser Ser Thr Thr Lys Arg Gly Leu Ser Ile Glu Gln Leu Thr 515 520 525 ACG CTG GCT GAG AAG CTC CTA GGG CCT GGT GTG AAC TAC TCA GGG TGT 1694 Thr Leu Ala Glu Lys Leu Leu Gly Pro Gly Val Asn Tyr Ser Gly Cys 530 535 540 CAG ATC ACA TGG GCT AAA TTC TGC AAA GAA AAC ATG GCT GGC AAG GGC 1742 Gln Ile Thr Trp Ala Lys Phe Cys Lys Glu Asn Met Ala Gly Lys Gly 545 550 555 TTC TCC TTC TGG GTC TGG CTA GAC AAT ATC ATC GAC CTT GTG AAA AAG 1790 Phe Ser Phe Trp Val Trp Leu Asp Asn Ile Ile Asp Leu Val Lys Lys 560 565 570 TAT ATC TTG GCC CTT TGG AAT GAA GGG TAC ATC ATG GGT TTC ATC AGC 1838 Tyr Ile Leu Ala Leu Trp Asn Glu Gly Tyr Ile Met Gly Phe Ile Ser 575 580 585 590 AAG GAG CGG GAG CGG GCC ATC CTA AGC ACA AAG CCC CCG GGC ACC TTC 1886 Lys Glu Arg Glu Arg Ala Ile Leu Ser Thr Lys Pro Pro Gly Thr Phe 595 600 605 CTA CTG CGC TTC AGC GAG AGC AGC AAA GAA GGA GGG GTC ACT TTC ACT 1934 Leu Leu Arg Phe Ser Glu Ser Ser Lys Glu Gly Gly Val Thr Phe Thr 610 615 620 TGG GTG GAA AAG GAC ATC AGT GGC AAG ACC CAG ATC CAG TCT GTA GAG 1982 Trp Val Glu Lys Asp Ile Ser Gly Lys Thr Gln Ile Gln Ser Val Glu 625 630 635 CCA TAC ACC AAG CAG CAG CTG AAC AAC ATG TCA TTT GCT GAA ATC ATC 2030 Pro Tyr Thr Lys Gln Gln Leu Asn Asn Met Ser Phe Ala Glu Ile Ile 640 645 650 ATG GGC TAT AAG ATC ATG GAT GCG ACC AAC ATC CTG GTG TCT CCA CTT 2078 Met Gly Tyr Lys Ile Met Asp Ala Thr Asn Ile Leu Val Ser Pro Leu 655 660 665 670 GTC TAC CTC TAC CCC GAC ATT CCC AAG GAG GAG GCA TTT GGA AAG TAC 2126 Val Tyr Leu Tyr Pro Asp Ile Pro Lys Glu Glu Ala Phe Gly Lys Tyr 675 680 685 TGT AGG CCC GAG AGC CAG GAG CAC CCC GAA GCC GAC CCA GGT AGT GCT 2174 Cys Arg Pro Glu Ser Gln Glu His Pro Glu Ala Asp Pro Gly Ser Ala 690 695 700 GCC CCG TAC CTG AAG ACC AAG TTC ATC TGT GTG ACA CCA ACG ACC TGC 2222 Ala Pro Tyr Leu Lys Thr Lys Phe Ile Cys Val Thr Pro Thr Thr Cys 705 710 715 AGC AAT ACC ATT GAC CTG CCG ATG TCC CCC CGC ACT TTA GAT TCA TTG 2270 Ser Asn Thr Ile Asp Leu Pro Met Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu Asp Ser Leu 720 725 730 ATG CAG TTT GGA AAT AAC GGT GAA GGT GCT GAG CCC TCA GCA GGA GGG 2318 Met Gln Phe Gly Asn Asn Gly Glu Gly Ala Glu Pro Ser Ala Gly Gly 735 740 745 750 CAG TTT GAG TCG CTC ACG TTT GAC ATG GAT CTG ACC TCG GAG TGT GCT 2366 Gln Phe Glu Ser Leu Thr Phe Asp Met Asp Leu Thr Ser Glu Cys Ala 755 760 765 ACC TCC CCC ATG TGAGGAGCTG AAACCAGAAG CTGCAGAGAC GTGACTTGAG 2418 Thr Ser Pro Met 770 ACACCTGCCC CGTGCTCCAC CCCTAAGCAG CCGAACCCCA TATCGTCTGA AACTCCTAAC 2478 TTTGTGGTTC CAGATTTTTT TTTTTAATTT CCTACTTCTG CTATCTTTGG GCAATCTGGG 2538 CACTTTTTAA AAGAGAGAAA TGAGTGAGTG TGGGTGATAA ACTGTTATGT AAAGAGGAGA 2598 GACCTCTGAG TCTGGGGATG GGGCTGAGAG CAGAAGGGAG GCAAAGGGGA ACACCTCCTG 2658 TCCTGCCCGC CTGCCCTCCT TTTTCAGCAG CTCGGGGGTT GGTTGTTAGA CAAGTGCCTC 2718 CTGGTGCCCA TGGCTACCTG TTGCCCCACT CTGTGAGCTG ATACCCCATT CTGGGAACTC 2778 CTGGCTCTGC ACTTTCAACC TTGCTAATAT CCACATAGAA GCTAGGACTA AGCCCAGGAG 2838 GTTCCTCTTT AAATTAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA A 2869 770 amino acids amino acid linear protein 12 Met Ala Gln Trp Asn Gln Leu Gln Gln Leu Asp Thr Arg Tyr Leu Lys 1 5 10 15 Gln Leu His Gln Leu Tyr Ser Asp Thr Phe Pro Met Glu Leu Arg Gln 20 25 30 Phe Leu Ala Pro Trp Ile Glu Ser Gln Asp Trp Ala Tyr Ala Ala Ser 35 40 45 Lys Glu Ser His Ala Thr Leu Val Phe His Asn Leu Leu Gly Glu Ile 50 55 60 Asp Gln Gln Tyr Ser Arg Phe Leu Gln Glu Ser Asn Val Leu Tyr Gln 65 70 75 80 His Asn Leu Arg Arg Ile Lys Gln Phe Leu Gln Ser Arg Tyr Leu Glu 85 90 95 Lys Pro Met Glu Ile Ala Arg Ile Val Ala Arg Cys Leu Trp Glu Glu 100 105 110 Ser Arg Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ala Thr Ala Ala Gln Gln Gly Gly Gln 115 120 125 Ala Asn His Pro Thr Ala Ala Val Val Thr Glu Lys Gln Gln Met Leu 130 135 140 Glu Gln His Leu Gln Asp Val Arg Lys Arg Val Gln Asp Leu Glu Gln 145 150 155 160 Lys Met Lys Val Val Glu Asn Leu Gln Asp Asp Phe Asp Phe Asn Tyr 165 170 175 Lys Thr Leu Lys Ser Gln Gly Asp Met Gln Asp Leu Asn Gly Asn Asn 180 185 190 Gln Ser Val Thr Arg Gln Lys Met Gln Gln Leu Glu Gln Met Leu Thr 195 200 205 Ala Leu Asp Gln Met Arg Arg Ser Ile Val Ser Glu Leu Ala Gly Leu 210 215 220 Leu Ser Ala Met Glu Tyr Val Gln Lys Thr Leu Thr Asp Glu Glu Leu 225 230 235 240 Ala Asp Trp Lys Arg Arg Pro Glu Ile Ala Cys Ile Gly Gly Pro Pro 245 250 255 Asn Ile Cys Leu Asp Arg Leu Glu Asn Trp Ile Thr Ser Leu Ala Glu 260 265 270 Ser Gln Leu Gln Thr Arg Gln Gln Ile Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Leu Gln 275 280 285 Gln Lys Val Ser Tyr Lys Gly Asp Pro Ile Val Gln His Arg Pro Met 290 295 300 Leu Glu Glu Arg Ile Val Glu Leu Phe Arg Asn Leu Met Lys Ser Ala 305 310 315 320 Phe Val Val Glu Arg Gln Pro Cys Met Pro Met His Pro Asp Arg Pro 325 330 335 Leu Val Ile Lys Thr Gly Val Gln Phe Thr Thr Lys Val Arg Leu Leu 340 345 350 Val Lys Phe Pro Glu Leu Asn Tyr Gln Leu Lys Ile Lys Val Cys Ile 355 360 365 Asp Lys Asp Ser Gly Asp Val Ala Ala Leu Arg Gly Ser Arg Lys Phe 370 375 380 Asn Ile Leu Gly Thr Asn Thr Lys Val Met Asn Met Glu Glu Ser Asn 385 390 395 400 Asn Gly Ser Leu Ser Ala Glu Phe Lys His Leu Thr Leu Arg Glu Gln 405 410 415 Arg Cys Gly Asn Gly Gly Arg Ala Asn Cys Asp Ala Ser Leu Ile Val 420 425 430 Thr Glu Glu Leu His Leu Ile Thr Phe Glu Thr Glu Val Tyr His Gln 435 440 445 Gly Leu Lys Ile Asp Leu Glu Thr His Ser Leu Pro Val Val Val Ile 450 455 460 Ser Asn Ile Cys Gln Met Pro Asn Ala Trp Ala Ser Ile Leu Trp Tyr 465 470 475 480 Asn Met Leu Thr Asn Asn Pro Lys Asn Val Asn Phe Phe Thr Lys Pro 485 490 495 Pro Ile Gly Thr Trp Asp Gln Val Ala Glu Val Leu Ser Trp Gln Phe 500 505 510 Ser Ser Thr Thr Lys Arg Gly Leu Ser Ile Glu Gln Leu Thr Thr Leu 515 520 525 Ala Glu Lys Leu Leu Gly Pro Gly Val Asn Tyr Ser Gly Cys Gln Ile 530 535 540 Thr Trp Ala Lys Phe Cys Lys Glu Asn Met Ala Gly Lys Gly Phe Ser 545 550 555 560 Phe Trp Val Trp Leu Asp Asn Ile Ile Asp Leu Val Lys Lys Tyr Ile 565 570 575 Leu Ala Leu Trp Asn Glu Gly Tyr Ile Met Gly Phe Ile Ser Lys Glu 580 585 590 Arg Glu Arg Ala Ile Leu Ser Thr Lys Pro Pro Gly Thr Phe Leu Leu 595 600 605 Arg Phe Ser Glu Ser Ser Lys Glu Gly Gly Val Thr Phe Thr Trp Val 610 615 620 Glu Lys Asp Ile Ser Gly Lys Thr Gln Ile Gln Ser Val Glu Pro Tyr 625 630 635 640 Thr Lys Gln Gln Leu Asn Asn Met Ser Phe Ala Glu Ile Ile Met Gly 645 650 655 Tyr Lys Ile Met Asp Ala Thr Asn Ile Leu Val Ser Pro Leu Val Tyr 660 665 670 Leu Tyr Pro Asp Ile Pro Lys Glu Glu Ala Phe Gly Lys Tyr Cys Arg 675 680 685 Pro Glu Ser Gln Glu His Pro Glu Ala Asp Pro Gly Ser Ala Ala Pro 690 695 700 Tyr Leu Lys Thr Lys Phe Ile Cys Val Thr Pro Thr Thr Cys Ser Asn 705 710 715 720 Thr Ile Asp Leu Pro Met Ser Pro Arg Thr Leu Asp Ser Leu Met Gln 725 730 735 Phe Gly Asn Asn Gly Glu Gly Ala Glu Pro Ser Ala Gly Gly Gln Phe 740 745 750 Glu Ser Leu Thr Phe Asp Met Asp Leu Thr Ser Glu Cys Ala Thr Ser 755 760 765 Pro Met 770 24 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA NO NO Homo sapiens 13 AAYACNGARC CNATGGARAT YATT 24 21 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA NO NO Homo sapiens 14 AAYGTNGAYC ARYTNAAYAT G 21 18 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA NO NO Homo sapiens 15 RTCDATRTTN GRGTANAR 18 20 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA NO NO Homo sapiens 16 GTAYAANTYR AYCAGNGYAA 20 25 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA NO NO 17 GATCGAGATG TATTTCCCAG AAAAG 25 15 amino acids amino acid single linear peptide NO NO internal 18 Leu Asp Gly Pro Lys Gly Thr Gly Tyr Ile Lys Thr Glu Leu Ile 1 5 10 15 6 amino acids amino acid single linear peptide NO NO internal 19 Gly Tyr Ile Lys Thr Glu 1 5 14 amino acids amino acid single linear peptide NO NO internal 20 Lys Val Asn Leu Gln Glu Arg Arg Lys Tyr Leu Lys His Arg 1 5 10 11 amino acids amino acid single linear peptide NO NO internal 21 Glu Pro Gln Tyr Glu Glu Ile Pro Ile Tyr Leu 1 5 10 105 amino acids amino acid single linear peptide NO NO internal Src et al.Waksman Nature 358 646-653 1992 22 Ala Glu Glu Trp Tyr Phe Gly Lys Ile Thr Arg Arg Glu Ser Glu Arg 1 5 10 15 Leu Leu Leu Asn Pro Glu Asn Pro Arg Gly Thr Phe Leu Val Arg Glu 20 25 30 Ser Glu Thr Thr Lys Gly Ala Tyr Cys Leu Ser Val Ser Asp Phe Phe 35 40 45 Asp Asn Ala Lys Gly Leu Asn Val Lys His Tyr Lys Ile Arg Lys Leu 50 55 60 Asp Ser Gly Gly Phe Tyr Ile Thr Ser Arg Thr Gln Phe Ser Ser Leu 65 70 75 80 Gln Gln Leu Val Ala Tyr Tyr Ser Lys His Ala Asp Gly Leu Cys His 85 90 95 Arg Leu Thr Asn Val Cys Pro Thr Ser 100 105 99 amino acids amino acid single linear peptide NO NO internal Abl et al.Overduin Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 11673-11677 1992 23 Glu Lys His Ser Trp Tyr His Gly Pro Val Ser Arg Asn Ala Ala Glu 1 5 10 15 Tyr Leu Leu Ser Ser Gly Ile Asn Gly Ser Phe Leu Val Arg Glu Ser 20 25 30 Asp Arg Arg Pro Gly Gln Arg Ser Ile Ser Leu Arg Tyr Glu Glu Gly 35 40 45 Arg Val Tyr His Tyr Arg Ile Asn Thr Ala Ser Asp Gly Lys Leu Tyr 50 55 60 Val Ser Ser Glu Ser Arg Phe Asn Thr Leu Ala Glu Leu Val His His 65 70 75 80 His Ser Thr Val Ala Asp Gly Leu Ile Thr Thr Leu His Tyr Pro Ala 85 90 95 Pro Lys Arg 102 amino acids amino acid single linear peptide NO NO internal Lck et al.Eck Nature 362 87-91 1993 24 Trp Phe Phe Lys Asn Leu Ser Arg Lys Asp Ala Glu Arg Gln Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Pro Gly Asn Thr His Gly Ser Phe Leu Ile Arg Glu Ser Glu Ser 20 25 30 Thr Ala Gly Ser Phe Ser Leu Ser Val Arg Asp Asp Phe Asp Gln Asn 35 40 45 Gln Gly Glu Val Val Lys His Tyr Lys Ile Arg Asn Leu Asp Asn Gly 50 55 60 Gly Phe Tyr Ile Ser Pro Arg Ile Thr Phe Pro Gly Leu His Asp Leu 65 70 75 80 Val Arg His Tyr Thr Asn Ala Ser Asp Gly Leu Cys Thr Arg Leu Ser 85 90 95 Arg Pro Cys Gln Thr Gln 100 99 amino acids amino acid single linear peptide NO NO internal p85[alpha]N 25 Gln Asp Ala Glu Trp Tyr Trp Gly Asp Ile Ser Arg Glu Glu Val Asn 1 5 10 15 Glu Lys Leu Arg Asp Thr Ala Asp Gly Thr Phe Leu Val Arg Asp Ala 20 25 30 Ser Thr Lys Met His Gly Asp Tyr Thr Leu Thr Leu Arg Lys Gly Gly 35 40 45 Asn Asn Lys Leu Ile Lys Ile Phe His Arg Asp Gly Lys Tyr Gly Phe 50 55 60 Ser Asp Pro Leu Thr Phe Asn Ser Val Val Glu Leu Ile Asn His Tyr 65 70 75 80 Arg His Glu Ser Leu Ala Gln Tyr Asn Pro Lys Leu Asp Val Lys Leu 85 90 95 Leu Tyr Pro 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of identifying a potential drug that has the ability to modulate the level of phosphorylation of a receptor recognition factor in a target mammalian cell comprising: (a) adding a ligand to the target mammalian cell in the presence of the potential drug, wherein the target mammalian cell contains a receptor, and the receptor recognition factor; and wherein, in the absence of the potential drug, the binding of the receptor by the ligand results in the phosphorylation of the receptor recognition factor; (b) determining the level of phosphorylation of the receptor recognition factor in the presence of the potential drug; and (c) comparing the level of phosphorylation of the receptor recognition factor determined in step (b) with the level of phosphorylation determined in the absence of the potential drug; wherein the potential drug is identified as having the ability to modulate the level of phosphorylation of the receptor recognition factor in the target mammalian cell when said comparing indicates a change in the level of phosphorylation.
 2. A method of identifying a potential drug that binds to a receptor recognition factor in a target mammalian cell comprising: (a) adding the potential drug to the target mammalian cell; wherein said target mammalian cell contains the receptor recognition factor; and (b) detecting the binding of the receptor recognition factor to the potential drug; wherein the potential drug is identified by its binding to the receptor recognition factor in the target mammalian cell.
 3. A method of identifying a potential drug that binds to a phosphorylated receptor recognition factor in a target mammalian cell comprising: (a) adding a ligand to the target mammalian cell in the presence of the potential drug, wherein the target mammalian cell contains a receptor, and the receptor recognition factor; and wherein, the binding of the receptor by the ligand results in the phosphorylation of the receptor recognition factor; and (b) detecting the binding of the phosphorylated receptor recognition factor to the potential drug; wherein the potential drug is identified by its binding to the phosphorylated receptor recognition factor in the target mammalian cell.
 4. A method of identifying a potential drug having the ability to modulate the binding of an activated receptor recognition factor to a DNA ligand in a target mammalian cell comprising: (a) adding a small molecule to a target mammalian cell; wherein the target mammalian cell contains the activated receptor recognition factor and the DNA ligand; wherein in the absence of the small molecule the activated receptor recognition factor is able to bind to the DNA ligand; (b) determining the amount of binding between the activated receptor recognition factor and the DNA ligand in the presence of the small molecule; and (c) comparing the amount of binding in step (b) with the amount of binding determined in the absence of the small molecule; wherein the small molecule is identified as a potential drug having the ability to modulate the binding of the activated receptor recognition factor to the DNA ligand in the target mammalian cell when said comparing indicates a change in the amount of binding of the activated receptor recognition factor to the DNA ligand.
 5. A method of identifying a potential drug having the ability to modulate the binding of an activated receptor recognition factor to a DNA ligand in vitro comprising: (a) contacting a small molecule with a purified activated receptor recognition factor; wherein in the absence of the small molecule the purified activated receptor recognition factor is able to bind to the DNA ligand in vitro; (b) determining the amount of binding between the purified activated receptor recognition factor and the DNA ligand in the presence of the small molecule; and (c) comparing the amount of binding in step (b) with the amount of binding determined in the absence of the small molecule; wherein the small molecule is identified as a potential drug having the ability to modulate the binding of the activated receptor recognition factor to the DNA ligand in vitro when said comparing indicates a change in the amount of binding of the activated receptor recognition factor to the DNA ligand.
 6. A method of identifying a potential drug that binds to a receptor recognition factor in vitro comprising: (a) contacting the potential drug with the receptor recognition factor in vitro; and (b) detecting the binding of the receptor recognition factor to the potential drug; wherein the potential drug that binds to the receptor recognition factor in vitro is identified.
 7. A method of identifying a potential drug that binds to an activated receptor recognition factor in vitro comprising: (a) contacting the potential drug with the activated receptor recognition factor in vitro; and (b) detecting the binding of the activated receptor recognition factor to the potential drug; wherein the potential drug that binds to the activated receptor recognition factor in vitro is identified.
 8. A method of detecting a phosphorylated receptor recognition factor comprising: (a) contacting the phosphorylated receptor recognition factor with a labeled-antibody specific for the phosphorylated receptor recognition factor under conditions in which the labeled-antibody binds to the phosphorylated receptor recognition factor; and (b) detecting the labeled-antibody bound to the phosphorylated receptor recognition factor, wherein said detecting allows the detection of the phosphorylated receptor recognition factor. 